Software

Sending Commands from a JNIOR to a Device by Activating an Input with Cinema

As long as the device you are sending to can create TCP or serial connections, the JNIOR should be able to send commands to it.

If you are starting from scratch with a JNIOR, you’ll want to download the JNIOR Support Tool. This application allows you to update JNIOR’s with INTEG software that you’ll need to let you send the text command.

Once you’ve downloaded the JNIOR Support Tool, you’ll need to download two update projects from our site, and update them to your JNIOR. This first update project is the Series 4 All-In-One update project. This is recommended for any new Series 4 JNIOR, as the update project gives JNIORs the most recent OS, along with some basic applications. The second update project is the Cinema update project. This is the application you’ll use to execute a macro from the JNIOR to the audio processor.

To update your JNIOR with an update project, here is a link to a post on our site that shows how to install Cinema. NOTE: Though the post shows how to install Cinema, its recommended you install the Series 4 All-In-One first, using the steps in that post.

Once the update projects have been published to your JNIOR, we’ll now need to create a device in the support tool to send to. In the support tool, you’ll go to the device tab and select add. You can select the device and rename it. After that you’ll now configure the settings of the device so we can send macros to it. To start you’ll select your device type, and if you see the device you want to send to there you’ll select it. If not you’ll select Raw Ethernet for a TCP connection or Raw Serial for a serial connection. You’ll then set the rest of the device configuration according to the device’s TCP or serial settings.

Once you finish setting the device information, you’ll then want to save the device file by clicking the Save As button. After that you’ll then publish the file to the JNIOR you are using by clicking the Publish to JNIOR button.

After you’ve done that, we’ll now create the macro that will be sent to the audio processor that will contain the text command. Going back to the support tool, you’ll go to the macro tab.

The first thing we’ll want to do here is click the “Link Devices” button at the top. Here we’ll select the device file we just created, so we can reference it in our action for the macro we are going to create.

After completing that, at the bottom left corner of the macro view and you’ll select add/macro. A new macro should populate the macro view, and you can then click on it and rename it. I’m going to name it ExampleMacro.

Once you’ve done that you’ll now go to the action view and select the add button there. A new action should appear in the action view. You can rename this if you’d like, and then we’ll want to select the device we previously created in the Support Tool to send to. Lastly, in the data field, you’ll want to enter the text command you wish to send to the device. If you are using a Raw Serial/Raw Ethernet device, make sure you include the termination string at the end of your text command for the device you are sending to.

After that, make sure you add the action we created to the macro we created. You do this by selecting the macro, then the action, followed by the arrow between the macro and action view.

Lastly, like we did with the device file, we’ll save this using the Save As button, followed by publishing it to the correct JNIOR using the Publish to JNIOR button.

Now that the JNIOR has a macro we created that will send the text command to your specified device, now all we need to do is configure the JNIOR so that it will send this macro when DIN1 goes ON. First thing we’ll want to do is go to the JNIOR Web UI by selecting the JNIOR in the beacon tab of the support tool. There you’ll right click it, and go to tools/open web page. Once on the JNIOR web page, you’ll go to the registry tab. On the registry tab, you’ll select AppData/Cinema/Triggers. Once there, you’ll go to Input1Macro and enter the name of the macro we created in the support tool. We named it ExampleMacro, but if you named it something different you’ll enter that name here. This should set the JNIOR so that when DIN1 on the JNIOR goes ON, the macro will activate.

By Anthony Pavia | On October 6, 2020 2:58 pm | No Comments |

Using Serial Control Plus

Serial Control Plus is an application that comes pre-installed on all JNIORs. It allows you to connect either serially or through TCP to a JNIOR, and give it commands to activate the JNIOR’s I/O. This post will explain how to setup and use Serial Control Plus on your JNIOR.

To start, as mentioned before Serial Control Plus is already pre-installed on all JNIORs. To activate it, you need to go to the JNIOR DCP. This can be accessed by either right clicking the JNIOR in the JNIOR Support Tool and going to Tools/Open Web Page, or by typing the JNIOR’s IP address into the URL of your computer’s web browser. Once on the DCP, you’ll go to the applications section on the configuration tab and click the checkbox next to Serial Control Plus and reboot your JNIOR. This will allow you to use Serial Control Plus on that JNIOR.

Once you have activated the Serial Control Plus application on your JNIOR, you can now send commands to the JNIOR through it. We are going to open the command line from the support tool to activate commands on this JNIOR for this example. To open the command line from the Support Tool, you’ll go to the Tools bar at the top of the Support Tool and select Command Line.

Once you have the command line open, you’ll need to configure the settings of the command line to send commands to the JNIOR. To have the right settings to communicate with the JNIOR, we need to select how we communicate to the JNIOR. Serial Control Plus can communicate with the JNIOR two ways. Either you can connect to the JNIOR with a serial connection or a TCP connection.

To connect serially with the JNIOR, you need to plug a serial cable into the Aux Port of the JNIOR. Once you do that we need to select the correct settings in the command line window. As in the picture below, next to the connect button for the connection type you’ll select COM, baud type is 9600, Data bits is 8, Stop bits is 1, Parity is none, and hardware/software is set to none. For the Option drop-down, select all the choices.

To connect through TCP, you just need the JNIOR to be on the network to connect. As in the picture below next to the connect button for the connection type you’ll select TCP/IP, you’ll set the JNIOR’s IP, and the Port to connect on is 9202. For the Option drop-down, select all the choices.

Once you’ve decided on your connection type and configured the command line accordingly, you should be able to send commands to the JNIOR. Here are commands for controlling and monitoring I/O.

Controlling I/O

The following commands can be used to close, open and pulse outputs.

cX: Close the output (relay is “on” closing the contact)
where x = 1 through 8 for the internal relay outputs on the JNIOR
and x = +1 through +8 for the external relay outputs on the 4 Relay Output Expansion Modules

oX: Open the output (relay is “off” opening the contact)
where x = 1 through 8 for the internal relay outputs on the JNIOR
and x = +1 through +8 for the external relay outputs on the 4 Relay Output Expansion Modules

p=yyy Pulse duration (milliseconds) and is used in conjunction with the ‘close’ or ‘open’ command

Examples:
c2p=1000 close output 2 for 1 second and then open again
c+2p=1000 close output 10 for 1 second and then open again
o3p=10000 open output 3 for 10 seconds and then close again
c* Close all outputs at the same time (includes internal and external)
o* Open all outputs at the same time (includes internal and external)

These commands can be abbreviated and used in combination, such as:
c1 close relay output 1
c+1 close relay output 9 (first output on first expansion module)
c+5 close relay output 13 (first output on second expansion module)
c1+1+5 combination of the above all in one command
c1234 close relay outputs 1 through 4
c1368 close relay outputs 1, 3, 6, 8
o125 open relay outputs 1, 2, 5
c1+1p=1000 close relay outputs 1, 9 and pulse each for 1 second simultaneously

Monitoring I/O

Whenever an input (or output) changes status (low-to-high or high-to-low), the following is sent out by the JNIOR:

INx=1 Input x (1 – 8) has gone high (on)
OUTx=1 Output x (1 – 16) has gone high (on)
INx=0 Input x (1 – 8) has gone low (off)
OUTx=1 Output x (1 – 16) has gone low (off)

The default setting for the Registry Key AppData/Serial_Control/SendCounts is false. If you change this key to true and reboot, with each message stating the input status, a count value will also be included. Whenever an input changes status (low-to-high or high-to-low), the following is sent out by the JNIOR:

INx=1,yyy Input x (1 – 8) has gone high (on), counter value = yyy
INx=0,yyy Input x (1 – 8) has gone low (off), counter value = yyy

Note: These monitoring messages are sent out individually over the serial port or Ethernet. The JNIOR does not report the status of more than one input/counter in the same message.

With this, you should now be able to use Serial Control Plus to control and monitor a JNIOR’s I/O!

By Anthony Pavia | On August 4, 2020 12:06 pm | No Comments |

Commanding Analog Presets Using a Macro

Analog Presets is an application that lets you control and automate expansion modules such as 4-20ma Module, the 10v Module, or the 3 channel LED module. To get started, you’ll want to download the analog presets application from the all downloads page on integpg.com. After updating your JNIOR with the application, you’ll want to go to the URL containing the IP of your JNIOR with /analogpresets after it to access the application on your JNIOR. Here you can add levels containing different commands you want to create for your modules. You can name the command, what you want it to do, how long it should last, and if you want other commands to start once it starts or finishes. You can also use these as macros by defining a port number and termination string on the general tab.

To send a macro to the analog presets application, first we’ll configure the analog presets application. Here is an example using the 3 Channel LED Dimmer. We’ll start by adding a new level at the bottom middle of the first tab in analog presets, and giving it a name. (For this example we named ours MacroTest) Once that is added, we’ll want to go to setting level and add the brightness of each output we want set. For this example, since the 3 Channel LED Dimmer has 3 outputs, we’ll set each of them to 100 by typing in the field 100,100,100. We’ll also want to go the 3 Channel LED Output Channel field and type 1,2,3 to represent the channels we want to set the brightness of. If in the setting level field we set the brightness to 50,75,100, and the 3 Channel LED Output Channel was still 1,2,3, then channel 1’s brightness would 50, 2’s would be 75, and 3’s would be 100. For this example though, we’ll set them all to 100. If you have the 3 Channel LED Dimmer plugged into your JNIOR and the 3 Channel LED Output Channel field is still grayed out, then reboot your JNIOR and it then should be configurable.

We’ll then click on the General tab of the Analog Presets application. Here we can set the TCP port that the macro will send to. (In this example we have 9700) Make sure the Termination string is \r\n.

After that you’ll need the cinema application. You’ll download the Cinema.jar application and using the update tab in the support tool load it onto your JNIOR. Once its on your JNIOR, we’ll want to go to the support tool and create a device in the device tab. We need to do this so that the macro will know what information to send. At the bottom of the Device tab, click add Device. From there, we’ll want to name our device (You can name it anything), set the device type to RAW ETHERNET, set the IP Address to the JNIOR you are using, and the port number to the one you set above in the analog presets application. (Mine for this example is 9700).

Once you have set this up, you’ll want to click “publish to JNIOR” and it will prompt you to save the device configuration as a file. Once this is done, select the JNIOR you are using as the one to publish to. Once its published, you’ll then go to the Macro tab. The first thing we’ll do here is click “link devices”, and select the device file we previously created. After this we will go to the Action view and add a new action. Here you’ll name your action (It can have any name), the device we’ll set the to the one we previously created, the action should be send, and the data should be formatted as follows:

trigger “Name of level from analog presets application”\r\n.

Once this is done, we will then add a Macro in the Macro view. First we name the macro and then we can add the action to this macro, by selecting the Macro we created, the action we created, and then clicking <- button.

Once you have done this, you’ll want to click “publish to JNIOR” like we did previously for the device tab, and create a macro file. Once that is created select the JNIOR you are using as the one to publish to. Now to test this, we’ll want to go to the tools tab of the support tool and click command line.

Once the command line is open, we need to configure the command line to create the right connection, at the bottom of the command line we’ll set the values to our IP and then the TcpPort value in our JNIOR’s Registry. You’d find this by opening the JNIOR’s web page in beacon, and then after going to the registry tab look for the path: AppData/Cinema/CinemaServerClient/TcpPort

Make sure that the value is not -1 like it is above. If it is, change that registry key. (An example value to change it to is 5000). Once you find this value, set it as the port number next to the IP address at the bottom your command line. The IP address should be the one your JNIOR has.

Also, go the options drop down list and check each option.

Now all you should have to do is click the connect button at the bottom right and type:

run “Name of macro from support tool”

This will run the macro you wanted to send to the 3 Channel LED Dimmer!

By Anthony Pavia | On December 27, 2019 1:45 pm | No Comments |

Graphing Temperatures with Tasker

To monitor the environment you will need 3 things. First, either the envrionmental sensor or the Rugged External Temperature Sensor. Second, the Tasker application that will read that sensor and log the values. Third, the Grapher application to graph the data logged from Tasker.

INTEG resells an environmental sensor from Embedded Data Systems. The sensor itself wont work directly with the JNIOR until it is wired. They have several different models that provide different environmental metrics. Temperature and humidity have been the consistent requests. INTEG also sells a rugged external sensor that tracks just temperature.

NOTE: Only the Environmental Sensor records humidity.

Set Up

The first thing to check when setting up is the sensor module you connect to the JNIOR. In the Console Tab of the JNIOR Web Tool, commands you can use to see what sensor is connected are the extern command to tell you what modules you have connected, and the extern -r command to remove a module on your device that is no longer connected. To tell which sensor module you have connected, look at the ID of the device from the extern command. If it ends with 7E its the Humidity Sensor, if its 28 its the Rugged External Temperature sensor.

After that, you’ll want to make sure that you have the applications to graph the data logged.

Grapher

Tasker

You’ll want to do an update project one at a time, publishing these to the JNIOR you have the sensor connected to. After that, to get to the Grapher application, you can either type (JNIOR’s IP)/Grapher into the URL or you can select it under the tools tab of Tasker to take you to the application. There you can create the graph to monitor your Temperature.

Once on the Grapher application page, you’ll want to go to the Grapher Configuration page to enter settings for creating a graph. To start, you can go down to the Graphs section and add a graph.

At the top, you can define the directory path of the file you want monitored, but keep in mind whatever path and file name is set here should match what you set in the Tasker application. The column values represent the different data points that can be pulled from Log that will be created in Tasker. The Date format can be set to MM-DD-YY HH:mm:ss.SSS. The file count is specified to how many files you want added. After setting this, you can configure the chart data described below that will be monitored for the graph.

Here you can create the chart name, and then set the range of the chart and also the time range being charted. Below that you can create the lines that go into the graph that are tracked. You can add their names, what the units they are measured in are called, and the color of the line. Once this is all set you’ll now want to open the Tasker application by typing in the URL (JNIOR’s IP)/tasker, or by clicking the link for it from the JNIOR Web Page in the applications section of the configure tab.

In the Tasker application, the first thing we’ll want to do is create a Logger using the Logger Tab. Once on the Logger Tab of Tasker, clicking the “add Logger” button will create an empty Logger in the Logger Tab, which you can name. This is where the file will be create that Grapher pulls the data from to graph.

Like in the picture above, you’ll want to set the log file path. The one in the example is called temps-{{date(YYMMDD)}}.csv, just like the one named in the file section in Grapher of this example. (The date.format part of the file name auto inputs the date when creating the file). The columns are defined as separate values that will act as the lines we created in the graph section of Grapher.

For how the column values work, the double squiggly brackets and comma between each value are needed to separate each value. The env_ is what you have to preface each value with in the text if you are using the environmental sensor. Otherwise you’ll use temp to preface each value for the rugged external temperature sensor. The “.fahrenheit” has to be replaced with “.celsius”, “.humidity”, or each words first letter like “.f”, “.c”, or “.h” depending on what type of value you are trying to monitor. The number surrounded by brackets represents which module is getting that value so if you only have on module you’d label every bracket with a 1. An example of the column values from Grapher would be {temp[1].fahrenheit}}, {{temp[1].celsius}}. (These values would get the temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit from a Rugged External temperature sensor you have plugged in.)

After defining the values for the Logger in Tasker, we’ll now want to create a Task in the Task Tab of Tasker. Once in the Task Tab, we’ll select the “add Task” button. This will add an empty Task to Tasker that you can name. Once we do that, we’ll want to selcet the “add Action” button to add an action to the Task to run the Logger we just created. In the action submenu we’ll want to select the Force Log Profile action. Once its added, we’ll enter the Logger name we created earlier to the action so it’ll run that Logger every time the Task runs.

Once that is done, we’ll now add a schedule that runs every two minutes so the graph is constantly getting more data every two minutes.

Going to the schedule Tab, we’ll click the “add Schedule” button to add an empty schedule to Tasker. We’ll then select the “add Rule” button to open the rule submenu. Here we’ll set the Schedule to run every two minutes, every day, from Midnight to Midnight like shown in the picture below. We’ll also set the schedule to run the Task that activates Logger to every two minutes.

Once this is all set up, going back to the Grapher application should now give you a graph of the logged temperatures!

By Anthony Pavia | On December 23, 2019 4:36 pm | No Comments |

Encryption / Decryption

I noticed that The JANOS runtime library for applications did not support a means of data encryption and decryption. It isn’t a problem to expose a cipher algorithm for use by applications. I have added the Security.rc4cipher() method for this purpose. I know that RC4 has been rumored to have been broken. For our purposes it remains plenty secure.

Here’s a test program. This requires JANOS v1.6.3-rc4 or later.

package jtest;
 
import com.integpg.system.Security;
 
public class Main {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        // source text and cipher key
        String text = "Best thing since sliced bread.";
        byte[] key = "Piece of cake".getBytes();
        
        // encrypt
        byte[] coded = Security.rc4cipher(text.getBytes(), text.length(), key);
        
        // encrypted content
        for (int n = 0; n < coded.length; n++) {
            System.out.printf(" %02x", coded[n] & 0xff);
            if (n % 16 == 15 || n == coded.length - 1)
                System.out.println("");
        }
        
        // decrypt
        byte[] result = Security.rc4cipher(coded, coded.length, key);
        
        // received message
        String msg = new String(result);
        System.out.println(msg);      
        
    }
}

This program outputs the following when run.

bruce_dev /> jtest
 ae 87 ae 84 bc 3e c2 b6 92 0f 25 c0 30 42 03 ef
 96 39 c5 cd b3 99 6f aa 36 ba c8 58 5b fd
Best thing since sliced bread.

bruce_dev />

To be honest I have not confirmed that the encoded string is in fact RC4. But JANOS uses the underlying cipher in many places and it has proven to be accurate there.

Remember PGP? I think that stood for (or stands for) Pretty Good Privacy. This basically was an simple approach to encrypting data for transfer through the email system. It used the RSA Private/Public Key technology. Well JANOS does RSA as part of my SSL/TLSv1.2 implementation. Why shouldn’t I expose that for use by applications. You may need to securely pass information.

Hypothetically the JNIOR could be monitoring doors and conveyors collecting numbers that might be directly related to sales or something that you might consider to be proprietary and quite sensitive. Each day you would like to forward the results to an email account. While the email transfer from the JNIOR is done over a secure connection the data is not stored at the other end in any encrypted format. Nor are you sure that the data is then transferred over any remaining connections securely.

The solution is to encrypt the data at the source and later decrypt. Well you can do that now with RC4 provided that you keep the key private. The same key is used to encrypt and then at the other location to decrypt. It is a risk.

Here the RSA key pair comes to the rescue. So I have exposed it in JANOS v1.6.3. Basically you can encrypt using a public key data which can only be decrypted by the corresponding private key some time later.

So you can use OpenSSL to generate an RSA key pair. Use a 1024-bit key as anything larger will tax the JNIOR a little too much. From that you can export the RSA Public Key in PEM format. It will look like this.

I will show you how you can use this PEM formatted Public Key to encrypt data for transfer. Later you can use the corresponding Private Key that you have kept secret and sequestered to access the data.

The following program uses new extensions to the com.integpg.system.Security class.

Here we are demonstrating encryption using our internal Public Key and then successful decryption using the internal Private Key.

package jtest;
 
import com.integpg.system.Debug;
import com.integpg.system.Security;
 
public class Main {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 
        String msg = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.";
        System.out.println(msg);
 
        byte[] data = Security.encrypt(msg.getBytes(), msg.length(), Security.PUBKEY);
        System.out.println("encrypted: ");
        Debug.dump(data);
        
        byte[] result = Security.decrypt(data, data.length, Security.PRIVKEY);
        System.out.println("decrypted: ");
        Debug.dump(result);
        
    }
        
}

bruce_dev /> jtest
The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.
encrypted: 
 17 66 0a 66 d8 aa 67 7c-a6 41 81 69 b1 c9 d2 82    .f.f..g| .A.i....
 ab a6 9d ef fd 31 7b 67-2a 3a 23 82 05 55 3d dd    .....1{g *:#..U=.
 8a 33 36 2d 5c 61 ae 25-39 b6 40 28 5f 1f de d2    .36-\a.% 9.@(_...
 77 b4 47 9d 53 6c ee 7a-4b e2 29 8c e0 79 06 9f    w.G.Sl.z K.)..y..
 30 3c 2e 6e d0 41 cf 40-a2 2b e5 bd 03 dd d4 b4    0<.n.A.@ .+......
 a2 b4 d1 8b 33 31 f1 2e-84 e0 8d 01 b0 4d 7b 54    ....31.. .....M{T
 65 61 56 44 ee f4 45 fb-4a 39 96 c1 c9 0e 2a 2a    eaVD..E. J9....**
 3d 2b a6 71 a8 89 91 c0-cf 80 0b 3d e3 dc dc 8e    =+.q.... ...=....
decrypted: 
 54 68 65 20 71 75 69 63-6b 20 62 72 6f 77 6e 20    The.quic k.brown.
 66 6f 78 20 6a 75 6d 70-65 64 20 6f 76 65 72 20    fox.jump ed.over.
 74 68 65 20 6c 61 7a 79-20 64 6f 67 2e             the.lazy .dog.

bruce_dev />

By the way the dump() method in the com.integpg.system.Debug is also new. I got tired of coding a dump so it will be available now.

I will show you how to use an external Public Key for encryption next.

To show you how to encrypt using a supplied Public Key I will extract the internal public key and apply it as you would one obtained from a file let’s say. The following program uses a method in the class that supplies the Public Key.

package jtest;

import com.integpg.system.Debug;
import com.integpg.system.Security;

public class Main {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        // Let's see the Public Key
        byte[] pubkey = Security.pubkey();
        System.out.println(new String(pubkey));
 
        String msg = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.";
        System.out.println(msg);
 
        byte[] data = Security.encrypt(msg.getBytes(), msg.length(), pubkey, 0);
        System.out.println("encrypted: ");
        Debug.dump(data);
        
        byte[] result = Security.decrypt(data, data.length, Security.PRIVKEY);
        System.out.println("decrypted: ");
        Debug.dump(result);
        
    }
        
}

bruce_dev /> jtest
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDEwEHsRkk592MEFyZXvvfsDkaF
u169uXwKugo2J7JMh8fkruiKe7B2tbuA143JSYeI0o4mpqWwd06CbjDG2gVEMgbf
5SK7quMdflJ5mW7t3ZPQZdMdryttPq3C4pzTfuH6/MGMzaNdobXSOQ7+SkH7goRd
sUYx6flLXn1KnQjPCQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.
encrypted: 
 a8 35 44 4a 15 4e 1f fe-b4 30 c3 e6 51 38 90 be    .5DJ.N.. .0..Q8..
 e4 4f 7c 5d fb e6 38 16-63 f1 93 ba a5 3f 24 00    .O|]..8. c....?$.
 eb 46 5d 27 25 f1 5a b1-bf 0e 46 f9 5b 1b e9 13    .F]'%.Z. ..F.[...
 ac 6c 77 db bd 1e 22 be-b5 32 6b 5c cc 0b 46 d7    .lw...". .2k\..F.
 3f 1b 30 4c 61 03 eb 2f-dd 84 54 d5 35 86 32 56    ?.0La../ ..T.5.2V
 16 56 7c 41 a3 ef 2f 70-2d 67 3f a5 97 fb 60 c2    .V|A../p -g?...`.
 df 61 5f 5a 76 90 56 db-21 66 6f f3 00 af aa a8    .a_Zv.V. !fo.....
 71 a2 a1 2e 31 7d 82 ab-34 e2 cc 3b 52 64 32 09    q...1}.. 4..;Rd2.
decrypted: 
 54 68 65 20 71 75 69 63-6b 20 62 72 6f 77 6e 20    The.quic k.brown.
 66 6f 78 20 6a 75 6d 70-65 64 20 6f 76 65 72 20    fox.jump ed.over.
 74 68 65 20 6c 61 7a 79-20 64 6f 67 2e             the.lazy .dog.

bruce_dev />

You can export the JNIOR’s Public Key now using the CERTMGR command.

bruce_dev /> help certmgr
CERTMGR

 -V             Verify installed keys and certificate
 -C [file]      Regenerate Certificate [Install file]
 -S file        Verify signature on certificate
 -K file        Install RSA Key Pair
 -D [file]      Decode and dump certificate [file]
 -E file        Export certificate to file
 -P file        Export public key to file
 -B             Export in binary
 -G [len]       Generate key pair [bit length]
 -R             Restore default credentials

SSL Certificate Management.

bruce_dev />

Here I will export the public key to a file. I’ll show you what is in the file and I’ll use CERTMGR to dump the encoded ASN.1 format for the key.

bruce_dev /> certmgr -p mykey.pub

bruce_dev /> cat mykey.pub
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDEwEHsRkk592MEFyZXvvfsDkaF
u169uXwKugo2J7JMh8fkruiKe7B2tbuA143JSYeI0o4mpqWwd06CbjDG2gVEMgbf
5SK7quMdflJ5mW7t3ZPQZdMdryttPq3C4pzTfuH6/MGMzaNdobXSOQ7+SkH7goRd
sUYx6flLXn1KnQjPCQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

bruce_dev /> certmgr -d mykey.pub

0000  30 81 9F       SEQUENCE {  (159 bytes)
0003  30 0D          |  SEQUENCE {  (13 bytes)
0005  06 09          |  |  OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1
0010  05 00          |  |  NULL 
                     |  }
0012  03 81 8D       |  BITSTRING[140] Encapsulates {
0000  30 81 89       |  |  SEQUENCE {  (137 bytes)
0003  02 81 81       |  |  |  INTEGER 
                     |  |  |     C4C041EC464939F76304172657BEF7EC0E4685BB5EBDB97C
                     |  |  |     0ABA0A3627B24C87C7E4AEE88A7BB076B5BB80D78DC94987
                     |  |  |     88D28E26A6A5B0774E826E30C6DA05443206DFE522BBAAE3
                     |  |  |     1D7E5279996EEDDD93D065D31DAF2B6D3EADC2E29CD37EE1
                     |  |  |     FAFCC18CCDA35DA1B5D2390EFE4A41FB82845DB14631E9F9
                     |  |  |     4B5E7D4A9D08CF09
0087  02 03          |  |  |  INTEGER 010001
                     |  |  }
                     |  }
                     }

bruce_dev />

You might see now that you can take mykey.pub and send it to another JNIOR that can load it as the pubkey for encryption as demonstrated.

NO. THERE IS NO WAY TO EXPORT THE JNIOR’S PRIVATE KEY.

And, the encryption and decryption does not support use of a private key PEM format.

Why limit key size to 1024-bits on the JNIOR?

A 1024-bit Private Key operation (encrypting a single block of 128 bytes) on the JNIOR take about 3.4 seconds. The same operation using a 2048-bit key takes almost 26 seconds. That will cause browsers to timeout when trying to use HTTPS among other things.

A 2048-bit key can be installed on the JNIOR. You need a 2048-bit key pair which you can generated with OpenSSL.

OpenSSL> genpkey -out private.pem -des3 -algorithm rsa rsa_keygen_bits:2048
.................++++++
....................++++++
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
OpenSSL> genpkey -out private.pem -des3 -algorithm rsa -pkeyopt rsa_keygen_bits:
2048
................................................................................
..............................................................................++
+
................................+++
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
OpenSSL>

Move the resulting private.pem file onto the JNIOR and run the CERTMGR -K command to load it.

bruce_dev /> certmgr -k private.pem
Passphrase: *****
keys installed

bruce_dev />

Now let’s validate that it works.

bruce_dev /> certmgr -v            
2048-bit key pair verifies
private key operation requires about 25.7 seconds
certificate verifies 
certificate not valid with current keys

bruce_dev />

Oh, and we can update the certificate. That would likely happen automatically at some point but we can force it.

bruce_dev /> certmgr -c
certificate updated

bruce_dev /> certmgr -v
2048-bit key pair verifies
private key operation requires about 25.7 seconds
certificate verifies 

bruce_dev />

Let’s run the program mentioned earlier to see if it succeeds.

bruce_dev /> jtest
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEArvnTH4JvTzzVW76iFOKf
akQ2EqbXVhEEoDZ0d1x2Q/8R8jvwZAdvvlcV63ixvTBSR+xInCfVAsjQDzeOVQq/
kKsQm7VNeqTHAZ4TobKYpcG2N3n4PGQRhT1H0bwqfopEWg/iqauCejKX6ivInZC6
kPD1rkCbr6HRSgnKKNbnmIL37nrx3XlhkrHeOV1/jEBGTFm1KIpNmVkaN83PuZSk
Xj2RJ9TGTdVwtrSNVe+VnQ4s+66BlPZrXBfi4P8lSyNd4J0eIVujfXor3Kxz2TAD
zmgyMylyJuHO/Ss/3PdGwnXIx7fbNKEK4OnMwRdz0DtvSMcJE6NhBiimD/Jm2F0H
awIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.
encrypted: 
 41 2b 02 92 30 d5 50 7c-92 b6 95 eb 8c 8d f4 76    A+..0.P| .......v
 f1 22 0a c5 63 48 f7 1b-af 85 47 4e 1d b2 0d bc    ."..cH.. ..GN....
 5b 6a f9 6d c7 1a c5 90-69 f9 28 4c 93 e1 8c 2e    [j.m.... i.(L....
 3f 5b 95 26 9d c4 ae 15-15 84 74 1e c4 a5 21 29    ?[.&.... ..t...!)
 e2 e0 c8 f7 f0 3e 99 aa-ed a9 36 ab 18 4f f8 ca    .....>.. ..6..O..
 cc 23 b3 57 d2 5c d6 6f-fa 83 2b 44 82 a5 ab ef    .#.W.\.o ..+D....
 c7 44 98 14 6d 8e 58 a2-05 b9 e0 9c 87 fc 52 22    .D..m.X. ......R"
 ee 46 38 2e 32 4e 4d c1-92 cd fc 3d 80 1c 81 19    .F8.2NM. ...=....
 1b 95 56 93 ff 4a 06 e0-9e c2 30 0c 83 ee 01 08    ..V..J.. ..0.....
 8f 98 d7 f3 50 b5 2b 80-0c 9b 23 8b 45 df 56 85    ....P.+. ..#.E.V.
 60 06 30 e3 35 a1 3c 82-19 57 b6 7e cf a2 02 e4    `.0.5.<. .W.~....
 55 3f b4 3c a8 39 77 79-0f f0 d6 aa da 1d b4 73    U?.<.9wy .......s
 7e ef 13 54 a8 d7 b0 a1-d2 67 0a 66 08 b9 81 13    ~..T.... .g.f....
 11 17 c2 d4 be 98 b5 fe-50 34 49 ab da cf 75 d7    ........ P4I...u.
 c1 b5 18 4e 32 27 2f e4-81 35 51 4a 62 42 6e a1    ...N2'/. .5QJbBn.
 47 67 e5 e4 c4 2c 70 c2-9b ea d8 09 5a 52 fd cb    Gg...,p. ....ZR..
decrypted: 
 54 68 65 20 71 75 69 63-6b 20 62 72 6f 77 6e 20    The.quic k.brown.
 66 6f 78 20 6a 75 6d 70-65 64 20 6f 76 65 72 20    fox.jump ed.over.
 74 68 65 20 6c 61 7a 79-20 64 6f 67 2e             the.lazy .dog.

bruce_dev />

If you are *REAL* patient the 2048-bit key works with SSL/TLS.

This took a couple of minutes to come up and the browser did once tell me that the site was taking too long to respond. This was with Chrome.

The bottom line is that a 1024-bit key is really secure enough for controller device like the JNIOR.

NOTICE

As we are concerned about export restrictions the exposed cryptography functions demonstrated in this topic will remain unavailable for the time being. This may change should we decide to create a version of the product for shipment and use in the USA only.

Please feel free to offer your perspectives on this issue.

By Bruce Cloutier | On December 13, 2017 2:52 pm | No Comments |

Checking for a Trusted Secure Connection

In the Programming Tips I show you how to make an outgoing secure connection using SSS/TLSv1.2. A secure connection encrypts data with a 128-bit key that is itself securely negotiated. So the information that you exchange cannot be read from the wire as it passes. But Windows still says “Not Secure” sometimes. Why is that?

By “Not Secure” Windows is really telling you that the connection is Not Trusted. The data is still encrypted but Windows doesn’t recognize the connected client. If you have connected to a JNIOR using the HTTPS URL before you might heave seen a Privacy Error page that you must bypass in order to access the unit. This occurs as the browser receives a certificate from the JNIOR which is not traceable through a Root Certificate Authority in its database. The JNIOR certificates are self-signed and not issued by such an authority. Ergo the privacy concern.

When your application makes an outgoing connection the destination sends a copy of its certificate. Can you verify that certificate as the browser does? Well, with limitations you can. I have added a method in the Socket class allowing you to retrieve that certificate.

Once you indicate that the connection should be secure there is a brief period in which the negotiations transpire. The following code waits for a certificate. The getCertificate() method returns an empty byte array until a certificate has been received.

CODE: Select All


bruce_dev /> jtest
 30 82 02 ed 30 82 02 56-a0 03 02 01 02 02 04 24    0...0..V .......$
 99 a9 00 30 0d 06 09 2a-86 48 86 f7 0d 01 01 0b    ...0...* .H......
 05 00 30 81 81 31 20 30-1e 06 03 55 04 0a 0c 17    ..0..1.0 ...U....
 49 4e 54 45 47 20 50 72-6f 63 65 73 73 20 47 72    INTEG.Pr ocess.Gr
 6f 75 70 20 49 6e 63 31-17 30 15 06 03 55 04 0b    oup.Inc1 .0...U..
 0c 0e 4a 4e 49 4f 52 20-43 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 73    ..JNIOR. Controls
 31 1d 30 1b 06 03 55 04-03 0c 14 68 6f 6e 65 79    1.0...U. ...honey
 70 6f 74 2e 69 6e 74 65-67 70 67 2e 63 6f 6d 31    pot.inte gpg.com1
 25 30 23 06 09 2a 86 48-86 f7 0d 01 09 01 16 16    %0#..*.H ........
 62 63 6c 6f 75 74 69 65-72 32 40 63 6f 6d 63 61    bcloutie r2@comca
 73 74 2e 6e 65 74 30 1e-17 0d 31 37 30 33 32 32    st.net0. ..170322
 31 37 33 30 32 33 5a 17-0d 31 39 30 33 32 32 31    173023Z. .1903221
 37 33 30 32 33 5a 30 81-81 31 20 30 1e 06 03 55    73023Z0. .1.0...U
 04 0a 0c 17 49 4e 54 45-47 20 50 72 6f 63 65 73    ....INTE G.Proces
 73 20 47 72 6f 75 70 20-49 6e 63 31 17 30 15 06    s.Group. Inc1.0..
 03 55 04 0b 0c 0e 4a 4e-49 4f 52 20 43 6f 6e 74    .U....JN IOR.Cont
 72 6f 6c 73 31 1d 30 1b-06 03 55 04 03 0c 14 68    rols1.0. ..U....h
 6f 6e 65 79 70 6f 74 2e-69 6e 74 65 67 70 67 2e    oneypot. integpg.
 63 6f 6d 31 25 30 23 06-09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d 01    com1%0#. .*.H....
 09 01 16 16 62 63 6c 6f-75 74 69 65 72 32 40 63    ....bclo utier2@c
 6f 6d 63 61 73 74 2e 6e-65 74 30 81 9f 30 0d 06    omcast.n et0..0..
 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d 01-01 01 05 00 03 81 8d 00    .*.H.... ........
 30 81 89 02 81 81 00 a9-94 83 17 4b 2e bc 85 78    0....... ...K...x
 ec ea 5b e9 f7 58 40 70-3b 06 ea 49 d9 33 3d 49    ..[..X@p ;..I.3=I
 3d 03 5a 8d 84 db 5a b7-e5 49 1d 33 4b af 1b 59    =.Z...Z. .I.3K..Y
 a3 a2 71 e2 5c 42 76 d4-10 f3 b3 c9 0e 80 1e 89    ..q.\Bv. ........
 a1 62 c6 a2 82 ec 51 ab-05 cf 97 31 56 1a 95 22    .b....Q. ...1V.."
 a0 b3 03 9d f7 2f a2 5b-a1 06 1e 6b bb 7a 1a a6    ...../.[ ...k.z..
 b2 87 a3 14 fd db b9 e1-03 4b 45 d5 e1 ff c1 5a    ........ .KE....Z
 59 c4 0d 77 2d 3c da d6-14 2a 70 76 50 f1 1e bc    Y..w-<.. .*pvP...
 d3 0c ff 75 e6 5e 91 02-03 01 00 01 a3 70 30 6e    ...u.^.. .....p0n
 30 1d 06 03 55 1d 0e 04-16 04 14 29 cb 03 57 bc    0...U... ...)..W.
 dd 26 e7 8a d5 e5 64 c1-d0 87 b0 3b 58 30 82 30    .&....d. ...;X0.0
 0c 06 03 55 1d 13 04 05-30 03 01 01 ff 30 3f 06    ...U.... 0....0?.
 03 55 1d 11 04 38 30 36-87 04 32 c5 22 4b 82 14    .U...806 ..2."K..
 68 6f 6e 65 79 70 6f 74-2e 69 6e 74 65 67 70 67    honeypot .integpg
 2e 63 6f 6d 82 08 68 6f-6e 65 79 70 6f 74 82 0e    .com..ho neypot..
 68 6f 6e 65 79 70 6f 74-5f 6a 6e 69 6f 72 30 0d    honeypot _jnior0.
 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d-01 01 0b 05 00 03 81 81    ..*.H... ........
 00 2b 42 e0 5e 33 1a ee-b2 65 f4 da c1 18 df 73    .+B.^3.. .e.....s
 e7 f5 55 d7 26 05 f6 ec-ab 67 d8 60 32 4a 7c 50    ..U.&... .g.`2J|P
 56 14 c5 20 33 37 a9 8c-21 57 d8 5c 57 a7 36 b8    V...37.. !W.\W.6.
 2d da 88 47 5e 93 a6 c9-fc 2c 59 83 67 8c 8d 46    -..G^... .,Y.g..F
 1a 9c e7 f5 3a 27 66 db-bd 26 c0 b9 9c e1 f4 51    ....:'f. .&.....Q
 4f 6b ac 3d 09 c3 30 00-bc 7e 5f 61 51 c0 ba 17    Ok.=..0. .~_aQ...
 5f 29 b6 e7 3b 8e 7f eb-ae 10 99 26 9a 9a fd 70    _)..;... ...&...p
 67 17 c6 7c f9 c7 f1 7e-bb 3f 8d b2 ed 43 53 c2    g..|...~ .?...CS.
 d1                                                 .


bruce_dev />

So you can see here that we receive something that looks to have the company name in it. This is the certificate and unfortunately it is in a binary ASN.1 format. That at this point is not very useful. You would have a lot of work to do if you were to parse information out of that.

So let’s see if I can help in that department.

Since in this example we attempt to connect to the HoneyPot I can separately pull its certificate in PEM format. In that form it looks like this.

bruce_dev /> cat flash/honeypot.cer
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

bruce_dev />

There is a nice option in the CERTMGR command to dump that in some meaningful form.

CODE: Select All


bruce_dev /> certmgr -d flash/honeypot.cer

0000  30 82 02 ED    SEQUENCE {  (749 bytes)
0004  30 82 02 56    |  SEQUENCE {  (598 bytes)
0008  A0 03          |  |  [0] EXPLICIT {  (3 bytes)
000A  02 01          |  |  |  INTEGER 02
                     |  |  }
000D  02 04          |  |  INTEGER 2499A900
0013  30 0D          |  |  SEQUENCE {  (13 bytes)
0015  06 09          |  |  |  OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.11
0020  05 00          |  |  |  NULL 
                     |  |  }
0022  30 81 81       |  |  SEQUENCE {  (129 bytes)
0025  31 20          |  |  |  SET {  (32 bytes)
0027  30 1E          |  |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (30 bytes)
0029  06 03          |  |  |  |  |  OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.10
002E  0C 17          |  |  |  |  |  UTF8STRING 'INTEG Process Group Inc'
                     |  |  |  |  }
                     |  |  |  }
0047  31 17          |  |  |  SET {  (23 bytes)
0049  30 15          |  |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (21 bytes)
004B  06 03          |  |  |  |  |  OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.11
0050  0C 0E          |  |  |  |  |  UTF8STRING 'JNIOR Controls'
                     |  |  |  |  }
                     |  |  |  }
0060  31 1D          |  |  |  SET {  (29 bytes)
0062  30 1B          |  |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (27 bytes)
0064  06 03          |  |  |  |  |  OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.3
0069  0C 14          |  |  |  |  |  UTF8STRING 'honeypot.integpg.com'
                     |  |  |  |  }
                     |  |  |  }
007F  31 25          |  |  |  SET {  (37 bytes)
0081  30 23          |  |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (35 bytes)
0083  06 09          |  |  |  |  |  OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.9.1
008E  16 16          |  |  |  |  |  IA5STRING 'bcloutier2@comcast.net'
                     |  |  |  |  }
                     |  |  |  }
                     |  |  }
00A6  30 1E          |  |  SEQUENCE {  (30 bytes)
00A8  17 0D          |  |  |  UTCTIME[13] 170322173023Z
00B7  17 0D          |  |  |  UTCTIME[13] 190322173023Z
                     |  |  }
00C6  30 81 81       |  |  SEQUENCE {  (129 bytes)
00C9  31 20          |  |  |  SET {  (32 bytes)
00CB  30 1E          |  |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (30 bytes)
00CD  06 03          |  |  |  |  |  OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.10
00D2  0C 17          |  |  |  |  |  UTF8STRING 'INTEG Process Group Inc'
                     |  |  |  |  }
                     |  |  |  }
00EB  31 17          |  |  |  SET {  (23 bytes)
00ED  30 15          |  |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (21 bytes)
00EF  06 03          |  |  |  |  |  OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.11
00F4  0C 0E          |  |  |  |  |  UTF8STRING 'JNIOR Controls'
                     |  |  |  |  }
                     |  |  |  }
0104  31 1D          |  |  |  SET {  (29 bytes)
0106  30 1B          |  |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (27 bytes)
0108  06 03          |  |  |  |  |  OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.3
010D  0C 14          |  |  |  |  |  UTF8STRING 'honeypot.integpg.com'
                     |  |  |  |  }
                     |  |  |  }
0123  31 25          |  |  |  SET {  (37 bytes)
0125  30 23          |  |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (35 bytes)
0127  06 09          |  |  |  |  |  OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.9.1
0132  16 16          |  |  |  |  |  IA5STRING 'bcloutier2@comcast.net'
                     |  |  |  |  }
                     |  |  |  }
                     |  |  }
014A  30 81 9F       |  |  SEQUENCE {  (159 bytes)
014D  30 0D          |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (13 bytes)
014F  06 09          |  |  |  |  OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1
015A  05 00          |  |  |  |  NULL 
                     |  |  |  }
015C  03 81 8D       |  |  |  BITSTRING[140] Encapsulates {
0000  30 81 89       |  |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (137 bytes)
0003  02 81 81       |  |  |  |  |  INTEGER 
                     |  |  |  |  |     A99483174B2EBC8578ECEA5BE9F75840703B06EA49D9333D
                     |  |  |  |  |     493D035A8D84DB5AB7E5491D334BAF1B59A3A271E25C4276
                     |  |  |  |  |     D410F3B3C90E801E89A162C6A282EC51AB05CF9731561A95
                     |  |  |  |  |     22A0B3039DF72FA25BA1061E6BBB7A1AA6B287A314FDDBB9
                     |  |  |  |  |     E1034B45D5E1FFC15A59C40D772D3CDAD6142A707650F11E
                     |  |  |  |  |     BCD30CFF75E65E91
0087  02 03          |  |  |  |  |  INTEGER 010001
                     |  |  |  |  }
                     |  |  |  }
                     |  |  }
01EC  A3 70          |  |  [3] EXPLICIT {  (112 bytes)
01EE  30 6E          |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (110 bytes)
01F0  30 1D          |  |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (29 bytes)
01F2  06 03          |  |  |  |  |  OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.14
01F7  04 16          |  |  |  |  |  OCTETSTRING[22] Encapsulates {
0000  04 14          |  |  |  |  |  |  OCTETSTRING[20] 
                     |  |  |  |  |  |     29CB0357BCDD26E78AD5E564C1D087B0  )..W..&....d....
                     |  |  |  |  |  |     3B583082                          ;X0.
                     |  |  |  |  |  }
                     |  |  |  |  }
020F  30 0C          |  |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (12 bytes)
0211  06 03          |  |  |  |  |  OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.19
0216  04 05          |  |  |  |  |  OCTETSTRING[5] Encapsulates {
0000  30 03          |  |  |  |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (3 bytes)
0002  01 01          |  |  |  |  |  |  |  BOOLEAN TRUE(255)
                     |  |  |  |  |  |  }
                     |  |  |  |  |  }
                     |  |  |  |  }
021D  30 3F          |  |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (63 bytes)
021F  06 03          |  |  |  |  |  OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.17
0224  04 38          |  |  |  |  |  OCTETSTRING[56] Encapsulates {
0000  30 36          |  |  |  |  |  |  SEQUENCE {  (54 bytes)
0002  87 04          |  |  |  |  |  |  |  [7] 32C5224B  2."K
0008  82 14          |  |  |  |  |  |  |  [2] 
                     |  |  |  |  |  |  |     686F6E6579706F742E696E7465677067  honeypot.integpg
                     |  |  |  |  |  |  |     2E636F6D                          .com
001E  82 08          |  |  |  |  |  |  |  [2] 686F6E6579706F74  honeypot
0028  82 0E          |  |  |  |  |  |  |  [2] 686F6E6579706F745F6A6E696F72  honeypot_jnior
                     |  |  |  |  |  |  }
                     |  |  |  |  |  }
                     |  |  |  |  }
                     |  |  |  }
                     |  |  }
                     |  }
025E  30 0D          |  SEQUENCE {  (13 bytes)
0260  06 09          |  |  OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.11
026B  05 00          |  |  NULL 
                     |  }
026D  03 81 81       |  BITSTRING[128]  0 unused bits
                     |     2B42E05E331AEEB265F4DAC118DF73E7  +B.^3...e.....s.
                     |     F555D72605F6ECAB67D860324A7C5056  .U.&....g.`2J|PV
                     |     14C5203337A98C2157D85C57A736B82D  .. 37..!W.\W.6.-
                     |     DA88475E93A6C9FC2C5983678C8D461A  ..G^....,Y.g..F.
                     |     9CE7F53A2766DBBD26C0B99CE1F4514F  ...:'f..&.....QO
                     |     6BAC3D09C33000BC7E5F6151C0BA175F  k.=..0..~_aQ..._
                     |     29B6E73B8E7FEBAE1099269A9AFD7067  )..;......&...pg
                     |     17C67CF9C7F17EBB3F8DB2ED4353C2D1  ..|...~.?...CS..
                     }

bruce_dev />

Uh, This is still likely quite cryptic for your use. ASN.1 is fun. You might notice the hexadecimal in this dump follows that dumped by our application in the prior post. This demonstrates the inherent structure in the ASN.1 Certificate Format.

So if I am going to be of any help there is more work to be done.

After thinking about some kind of conversion from ASN.1 to JSON I have decided to stick with ASN.1 for this purpose. I’ll develop an ASN1 class that will help with parsing. The reason to hang with ASN.1 is that you will be able to confirm signatures.

That reminds me too that, I should write something about Signing. Since you now have access to RSA cryptography…

Alright. A couple of posts back we extracted the certificate from our secure connection. I dumped it in binary and also using CERTMGR to see the ASN.1 structure.

First of all the certificate is delivered in DER format. This defines the binary encoding used to transfer the signed certificate and that we see in the dump. A standard ASN.1 definition for a signed certificate is compiled into DER. The format defined for these certificates is x509 which is defined in RFC 5280. You may also need information contained in RFC 5246 which is the latest for TLSv1.2.

Okay so that is a lot of work and if you have to read all of that then forget it, right? Let me try to gloss over it and drive to doing something meaningful with this binary certificate stuff.

I have started to pull together an Asn1 class which will help us work with the DER encoded binary data. It was apparent from the CERTMGR dump that there is some structure to it. I’ll try to vaguely describe that from the top down.

First notice that the whole signed certificate as obtained from the connection is enclosed in a SEQUENCE. That is an ASN.1 object which in DER has a tag (ASN_SEQUENCE), a length, and data or content. From the RFCs we expect the following structure.

Certificate  ::=  SEQUENCE  {
    tbsCertificate       TBSCertificate,
    signatureAlgorithm   AlgorithmIdentifier,
    signatureValue       BIT STRING  }

So the top SEQUENCE contains three objects. Here “TBS” stands for To Be Signed. So the tbsCertificate is the Certificate to be signed or that has been signed. It is information that by itself is a SEQUENCE of objects. The signatureAlgorithm defines the procedure used in the signing. That is a SEQUENCE too with some objects within. And, the signatureValue turns out to be some tacked on bit data in a BITSTRING. That we will see is the actual signature.

So let’s modify our little program that gets the target host’s certificate to use my prototype Asn1 class. We will first confirm that the initial SEQUENCE covers all of the signed certificate and then itemize its content.

package jtest;
 
import com.integpg.system.Debug;
import java.net.Socket;
 
public class Main {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 
        // Establish a Secure Socket, get streams, and set a timeout
        Socket dataSocket = new Socket("50.197.34.75", 443);
        dataSocket.setSecure(true);
        
        // Obtain the certificate
        byte[] cert;
        while ((cert = dataSocket.getCertificate()).length == 0)
            System.sleep(100);
        dataSocket.close();
 
        // analyze
        Asn1 asn = new Asn1(cert);
 
        // details about the object
        System.out.println("Overall Signed Certificate Length: " + cert.length);
        System.out.println("ASN.1 Object tag: " + asn.getTag());
        System.out.printf("ASN.1 Object flags: 0x%02x\n", asn.getFlags());
        System.out.println("ASN.1 Object content size: " + asn.getLength());
        
        // skip the object and check for more data (should be only 1 object)
        asn.skip();
        if (!asn.hasMoreData())
            System.out.println("Signed Certificate is a sigle object as expected");
        else
            System.out.println("Something is wrong!");
    }
        
}

bruce_dev /> jtest
Overall Signed Certificate Length: 753
ASN.1 Object tag: 16
ASN.1 Object flags: 0x20
ASN.1 Object content size: 749
Signed Certificate is a sigle object as expected

bruce_dev />

This demonstrates that the SEQUENCE object contains the entire signed certificate. 753 bytes were delivered and aside from the 4-byte header (tag and length) the content covers the rest of the data. The tag of 16 tells us it is a SEQUENCE and the flag 0x20 tells us it is a CONSTRUCT.

Here are tags and flags that I have defined in the Asn1 class.

CODE: Select All


    static public final int ASN_BOOLEAN = 1;
    static public final int ASN_INTEGER = 2;
    static public final int ASN_BITSTRING = 3;
    static public final int ASN_OCTETSTRING = 4;
    static public final int ASN_NULL = 5;
    static public final int ASN_OBJECTID = 6;
    static public final int ASN_OBJECTDESC = 7;
    static public final int ASN_INSTANCEOF = 8;
    static public final int ASN_REAL = 9;
    static public final int ASN_ENUM = 10;
    static public final int ASN_EMBEDDED = 11;
    static public final int ASN_UTF8STRING = 12;
    static public final int ASN_RELATIVEOID = 13;
    static public final int ASN_SEQUENCE = 16;
    static public final int ASN_SET = 17;
    static public final int ASN_NUMERIC = 18;
    static public final int ASN_PRINTABLE = 19;
    static public final int ASN_T61 = 20;
    static public final int ASN_VIDEOTEX = 21;
    static public final int ASN_IA5STRING = 22;
    static public final int ASN_UTCTIME = 23;
    static public final int ASN_GENTIME = 24;
    static public final int ASN_GRAPHIC = 25;
    static public final int ASN_VISIBLESTR = 26;
    static public final int ASN_GENSTRING = 27;
    static public final int ASN_UNIVSTRING = 28;
    static public final int ASN_CHARSTR = 29;
    static public final int ASN_BMPSTR = 30;
    static public final int ASN_HIGHFORM = 31;

    static public final int ASN_CONSTRUCT = 0x20;
    static public final int ASN_APPLICATION = 0x40;
    static public final int ASN_CONTEXT = 0x80;
    static public final int ASN_PRIVATE = 0xC0;

So let’s look into the overall SEQUENCE and see that those three objects are to be found. We’ll just list the tags for the objects we find. Her are the changes to our test program.

        // analyze
        Asn1 asn = new Asn1(cert);
        
        // descend into the SEQUENCE object and itemize the objects it contains.
        asn.descend();
        
        while (asn.hasMoreData()) {
            System.out.println("ASN.1 Object tag: " + asn.getTag());
            System.out.println("ASN.1 Object length: " + asn.getLength());
            System.out.println("");
            asn.skip();
        }

bruce_dev /> jtest
ASN.1 Object tag: 16
ASN.1 Object length: 598

ASN.1 Object tag: 16
ASN.1 Object length: 13

ASN.1 Object tag: 3
ASN.1 Object length: 129


bruce_dev />

So there are three parts. Two SEQUENCEs and a BITSTRING. Those correspond to tbsCertificate, signatureAlgorithm and signatureVauerespectively which is what is expected.

Certificate  ::=  SEQUENCE  {
    tbsCertificate       TBSCertificate,
    signatureAlgorithm   AlgorithmIdentifier,
    signatureValue       BIT STRING  }

Let’s extract the key parts of this signed certificate and dump the signatureValue.

        // analyze
        Asn1 asn = new Asn1(cert);
        asn.descend();
        
        // obtain the certificate
        Asn1 tbsCertificate = new Asn1(asn.getData());
        asn.skip();
        Asn1 signatureAlgorithm = new Asn1(asn.getData());
        asn.skip();
        byte[] bitstring = asn.getData();
        
        // remove leading unused bit count supplied with BITSTRING
        byte[] signatureValue = new byte[bitstring.length - 1];
        ArrayUtils.arraycopy(bitstring, 1, signatureValue, 0, signatureValue.length);
        
        // dump the signature
        Debug.dump(signatureValue);

bruce_dev /> jtest
 2b 42 e0 5e 33 1a ee b2-65 f4 da c1 18 df 73 e7    +B.^3... e.....s.
 f5 55 d7 26 05 f6 ec ab-67 d8 60 32 4a 7c 50 56    .U.&.... g.`2J|PV
 14 c5 20 33 37 a9 8c 21-57 d8 5c 57 a7 36 b8 2d    ...37..! W.\W.6.-
 da 88 47 5e 93 a6 c9 fc-2c 59 83 67 8c 8d 46 1a    ..G^.... ,Y.g..F.
 9c e7 f5 3a 27 66 db bd-26 c0 b9 9c e1 f4 51 4f    ...:'f.. &.....QO
 6b ac 3d 09 c3 30 00 bc-7e 5f 61 51 c0 ba 17 5f    k.=..0.. ~_aQ..._
 29 b6 e7 3b 8e 7f eb ae-10 99 26 9a 9a fd 70 67    )..;.... ..&...pg
 17 c6 7c f9 c7 f1 7e bb-3f 8d b2 ed 43 53 c2 d1    ..|...~. ?...CS..

bruce_dev />

We see from the CERTMGR dump a few posts back that this is correct.

How can we check the signature?

To start since I know this is from our HoneyPot unit I will grab the public key directly from the JNIOR. I’ll save this in a pubkey.pem file. Since this is a self-signed certificate this public key is already in the tbsCertificate but to avoid the complexity of digging in to get it we’ll start with a handy copy of the key. We can also tell that this certificate’s signature was done with RSA encryption and the SHA256 or SHA2 hash. There are other signature algorithms. This is the one that the JNIOR used. So to keep it simple we’ll just work with that right now.

The Certificate Signing procedure is “simple”. When the certificate was signed the JNIOR

computed the SHA256 hash over the ASN.1 DER encoded tbsCertificate object
built a simple ASN.1 structure defining the algorithm with an OID and storing the hash as an OCTET STRING
encrypted the DER encoded hash value using the JNIOR’s RSA Private Key
appended the signingAlgorithm information and the signatureValue to the tbsCertificate creating the signed certificate.

So to verify the Signed Certificate we can reverse the process. So we will do the following:

extract the tbsCertificate ASN.1 DER encoding from the signed certificate
calculate the SHA256 over the tbsCertificate block
obtain the BIT STRING appended to the signed certificate
decrypt the BIT String using the JNIOR’s RSA Public Key
look into the resulting ASN.1 structure for the stored copy of the hash
if our calculated hash matches that stored then the certificate verifies

        // analyze
        Asn1 asn = new Asn1(cert);
        asn.descend();
        
        // obtain the certificate
        byte[] tbsCertificate = asn.getObject();
        asn.skip();
        byte[] signatureAlgorithm = asn.getData();
        asn.skip();
        byte[] bitstring = asn.getData();
        
        // remove leading unused bit count supplied with BITSTRING
        byte[] signatureValue = new byte[bitstring.length - 1];
        ArrayUtils.arraycopy(bitstring, 1, signatureValue, 0, signatureValue.length);

Here we parse the signed certificate to extract both the tbsCertificate and the signatureValue. Note that I used getObject() from the Asn1class to not only get the certificate content but also the header for the ASN.1 SEQUENCE. The hash includes all of it.

Next we calculate the SHA256 for the tbsCertificate block. The SHA256 methods are exposed in JANOS v1.6.3 and later.

        // calculate SHA-256 on tbsCertificate and signatureAlgorithm
        byte[] hash = Security.hashMessage256(tbsCertificate);
        Debug.dump(hash);
        System.out.println("");

bruce_dev /> jtest
 db 67 e8 3b 8a 7e c1 ab-ef 76 16 0b 2b 45 e1 26    .g.;.~.. .v..+E.&
 c6 fa eb 31 4a 1c d0 5f-23 b0 a7 0f 7a 03 5b e6    ...1J.._ #...z.[.

Finally we read the HoneyPot’s public key from the file and perform the RSA decryption. This dumps the decrypted BIT STRING content.

        // fetch the HoneyPot public key
        File keyfile = new File("/flash/pubkey.pem");
        DataInputStream fin = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(keyfile));
        byte[] pubkey = new byte[fin.available()];
        fin.readFully(pubkey);
        fin.close();
        
        byte[] sig = Security.decrypt(signatureValue, 0, pubkey, 0);
        Debug.dump(sig);

bruce_dev /> jtest
 db 67 e8 3b 8a 7e c1 ab-ef 76 16 0b 2b 45 e1 26    .g.;.~.. .v..+E.&
 c6 fa eb 31 4a 1c d0 5f-23 b0 a7 0f 7a 03 5b e6    ...1J.._ #...z.[.

 30 31 30 0d 06 09 60 86-48 01 65 03 04 02 01 05    010...`. H.e.....
 00 04 20 db 67 e8 3b 8a-7e c1 ab ef 76 16 0b 2b    ....g.;. ~...v..+
 45 e1 26 c6 fa eb 31 4a-1c d0 5f 23 b0 a7 0f 7a    E.&...1J .._#...z
 03 5b e6                                           .[.

bruce_dev />

If the public key properly decrypts the signingValue you will see a valid ASN.1 DER encoded structure. Manually we see that it starts with a SEQUENCE and the length is 49 bytes. In that SEQUENCE there is another of just 13 bytes. That contains the OID. After that there is a 32 byte OCTET STRING containing the hash.

So just by eye we see that the last 32 bytes of the decrypted signingValue do match the calculated SHA256 hash. We have verified the signature!

One of the parts of the tbsCertificate defines the Issuer and the other the Subject of the certificate. Since the JNIOR creates a self-signed certificate the Issuer and Subject are the same.

If you look back to the CERTMGR dump of the certificate you see that INTEG Process Group Inc appears twice. The first is for the Issuer and the second the Subject. There is a SEQUENCE following that which contains a BIT STRING that encapsulates two INTEGERs. That is the Subject’s RSA Public Key. That would match the HoneyPot’s Public Key. We could have gone into the certificate for that key. But that works ONLY for a self-signed certificate like this.

More generally the Issuer signs the Certificate using the Issuer’s RSA Private (and highly secret) Key and the Issuer is not the same as the Subject. In that case the Issuer’s RSA Public Key is NOT in the certificate. We would need to find an independent source for the key. Windows, for instance, looks to the Trusted Root Certificate Authorities store for another certificate, one for the Issuer where the public key can be found.

It can even be more complex as there might be a chain of trust. If the certificate is signed by an Issuer that is likely not to be found in the system’s certificate store then an additional one or more certificates might be transmitted during TLS negotiation. We would have to follow the chain verifying each certificate until we reached a trusted certificate from the system’s store or otherwise.

The JNIOR does not contain a specific trusted certificate store for this purpose. If we were to be verifying certificates in this way we would need to create something or otherwise rely on a remote system.

By Bruce Cloutier | On December 8, 2017 2:24 pm | No Comments |

Outgoing HTTP Request

To demonstrate an outgoing HTTP request I am going to use the IP Address Location service that our HoneyPot unit uses. This creates the JSONdatabase used to generate the map at http://honeypot.integpg.com/map.php .

The JANOS Runtime Library does not provide classes to handle different web requests. Perhaps over time we will supply external libraries for that. But, you can easily do that directly. And, it is probably more educational to know how things work at the low level.

The procedure is straight forward.

Establish an outgoing socket. (Lines 19-22)
Issue a minimally formatted HTTP request. (Lines 25-27)
Read the response. (Lines 45-50)
Use the data. (Line 53)

package jtest;
 
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
 
public class Main {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 
        // IP Address query
        String ipaddr = "50.197.34.75";
        
        // Location services
        String serverHostname = "ip-api.com";
        int port = 80;
 
        // Establish a Socket, get streams, and set a timeout
        Socket dataSocket = new Socket(serverHostname, port);
        DataOutputStream sockout = new DataOutputStream(dataSocket.getOutputStream());
        DataInputStream sockin = new DataInputStream(dataSocket.getInputStream());
        dataSocket.setSoTimeout(5000);
 
        // Issue the HTTP request
        sockout.writeBytes("GET /json/" + ipaddr + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");
        sockout.writeBytes("Host: " + serverHostname + "\r\n");
        sockout.writeBytes("\r\n");
 
        // Process the response header
        int length = 0;
        String response;
        while ((response = sockin.readLine()) != null) {
            
            // Header ends with blank line
            if (response.length() == 0)
                    break;
            
            System.out.println(response);
            if (response.startsWith("Content-Length: ")) 
                length = Integer.parseInt(response.substring(16));
        }
        System.out.println();
 
        // Obtain the entire response (if any)
        response = "";
        if (length > 2) {
            byte[] resp = new byte[length];
            sockin.readFully(resp);
            response = new String(resp, "UTF8");
        }
 
        // Data (should be JSON)
        System.out.println(response);
 
        // Close the Socket
        sockout.close();
        sockin.close();
        dataSocket.close();
    }
        
}

bruce_dev /> jtest
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Date: Fri, 08 Dec 2017 14:01:58 GMT
Content-Length: 321

{"as":"AS7922 Comcast Cable Communications, LLC","city":"Pittsburgh","country":"United States","countryCode":"US","isp":"Comcast Business","lat":40.4406,"lon":-79.9959,"org":"Comcast Business","query":"50.197.34.75","region":"PA","regionName":"Pennsylvania","status":"success","timezone":"America/New_York","zip":"15282"}

bruce_dev />

So you can see that the response is JSON and can be easily used.

If you replace line 53 with Debug.dump(response.getBytes()); which is the new dump method in the library the data can be more easily reviewed.

bruce_dev /> jtest
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Date: Fri, 08 Dec 2017 14:27:52 GMT
Content-Length: 321

 7b 22 61 73 22 3a 22 41-53 37 39 32 32 20 43 6f    {"as":"A S7922.Co
 6d 63 61 73 74 20 43 61-62 6c 65 20 43 6f 6d 6d    mcast.Ca ble.Comm
 75 6e 69 63 61 74 69 6f-6e 73 2c 20 4c 4c 43 22    unicatio ns,.LLC"
 2c 22 63 69 74 79 22 3a-22 50 69 74 74 73 62 75    ,"city": "Pittsbu
 72 67 68 22 2c 22 63 6f-75 6e 74 72 79 22 3a 22    rgh","co untry":"
 55 6e 69 74 65 64 20 53-74 61 74 65 73 22 2c 22    United.S tates","
 63 6f 75 6e 74 72 79 43-6f 64 65 22 3a 22 55 53    countryC ode":"US
 22 2c 22 69 73 70 22 3a-22 43 6f 6d 63 61 73 74    ","isp": "Comcast
 20 42 75 73 69 6e 65 73-73 22 2c 22 6c 61 74 22    .Busines s","lat"
 3a 34 30 2e 34 34 30 36-2c 22 6c 6f 6e 22 3a 2d    :40.4406 ,"lon":-
 37 39 2e 39 39 35 39 2c-22 6f 72 67 22 3a 22 43    79.9959, "org":"C
 6f 6d 63 61 73 74 20 42-75 73 69 6e 65 73 73 22    omcast.B usiness"
 2c 22 71 75 65 72 79 22-3a 22 35 30 2e 31 39 37    ,"query" :"50.197
 2e 33 34 2e 37 35 22 2c-22 72 65 67 69 6f 6e 22    .34.75", "region"
 3a 22 50 41 22 2c 22 72-65 67 69 6f 6e 4e 61 6d    :"PA","r egionNam
 65 22 3a 22 50 65 6e 6e-73 79 6c 76 61 6e 69 61    e":"Penn sylvania
 22 2c 22 73 74 61 74 75-73 22 3a 22 73 75 63 63    ","statu s":"succ
 65 73 73 22 2c 22 74 69-6d 65 7a 6f 6e 65 22 3a    ess","ti mezone":
 22 41 6d 65 72 69 63 61-2f 4e 65 77 5f 59 6f 72    "America /New_Yor
 6b 22 2c 22 7a 69 70 22-3a 22 31 35 32 38 32 22    k","zip" :"15282"
 7d                                                 }

bruce_dev />

By the way, the Lat and Lon returned by these sites varies in accuracy. We use the above as a free service. I believe that some services will provide more precise locations when used in a paid mode. The free data however is just fine when mapped on the globe (http://honeypot.integpg.com/map.php).

By Bruce Cloutier | On December 8, 2017 10:23 am | No Comments |

Outgoing Secure Socket Connection

We showed you how to make an Outgoing HTTP Request. If you would like to make a secure connection you need only add a single line of code.

        dataSocket.setSecure(true);

Here I will securely connect from my development JNIOR to the external HoneyPot JNIOR. From the example in the other topic I have modified the host and the request to attempt to access the JNIOR.

package jtest;
 
import com.integpg.system.Debug;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
 
public class Main {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 
        // Location services
        String serverHostname = "50.197.34.75";
        int port = 443;
 
        // Establish a Socket, get streams, and set a timeout
        Socket dataSocket = new Socket(serverHostname, port);
        DataOutputStream sockout = new DataOutputStream(dataSocket.getOutputStream());
        DataInputStream sockin = new DataInputStream(dataSocket.getInputStream());
        dataSocket.setSoTimeout(5000);
        
        // Negotiate a secure connection
        dataSocket.setSecure(true);
 
        // Issue the HTTP request
        sockout.writeBytes("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n");
        sockout.writeBytes("Host: " + serverHostname + "\r\n");
        sockout.writeBytes("\r\n");
 
        // Process the response header
        int length = 0;
        String response;
        while ((response = sockin.readLine()) != null) {
            
            // Header ends with blank line
            if (response.length() == 0)
                    break;
            
            System.out.println(response);
            if (response.startsWith("Content-Length: ")) 
                length = Integer.parseInt(response.substring(16));
        }
        System.out.println();
 
        // Obtain the entire response (if any)
        response = "";
        if (length > 2) {
            byte[] resp = new byte[length];
            sockin.readFully(resp);
            response = new String(resp, "UTF8");
        }
 
        // Data (should be JSON)
        Debug.dump(response.getBytes());
 
        // Close the Socket
        sockout.close();
        sockin.close();
        dataSocket.close();
    }
        
}

bruce_dev /> jtest
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm="JANOS Web Server", qop=auth, nonce="66d0bb430469f01e9153358cfa7f"
Content-Length: 99

 3c 48 54 4d 4c 3e 3c 48-45 41 44 3e 3c 54 49 54    <HTML><H EAD><TIT
 4c 45 3e 34 30 31 20 55-6e 61 75 74 68 6f 72 69    LE>401.U nauthori
 7a 65 64 3c 2f 54 49 54-4c 45 3e 0d 0a 3c 2f 48    zed</TIT LE>..</H
 45 41 44 3e 3c 42 4f 44-59 3e 3c 68 31 3e 34 30    EAD><BOD Y><h1>40
 31 20 55 6e 61 75 74 68-6f 72 69 7a 65 64 3c 2f    1.Unauth orized</
 68 31 3e 3c 2f 42 4f 44-59 3e 3c 2f 48 54 4d 4c    h1></BOD Y></HTML
 3e 0d 0a                                           >..

bruce_dev />

So we get the response expected. But was it done securely? Here’s the transaction from the Wireshark point of view.

By Bruce Cloutier | On December 8, 2017 9:49 am | No Comments |

Timeouts

Timeouts are often required. JANOS supports timeouts on most inputs. Sometimes though you just need to implement an overall timeout. For example, if you leave an UI unattended for some period of time you might want it to return to a default Splash Screen or something along those lines.

This is easily achieved and we usually use the uptime in milliseconds as a reference. The approach is to add the timeout period to the current uptime and when the uptime exceeds that perform the timeout action. In the meantime if events occur (such as UI leypad activity) you reset the tmeout by recalculating.

Here is example code:

public class Main {
    
    static final int TIMEOUT = 120000;
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        // Print time
        System.out.println(new Date());
        
        // establish and initialize a timeout
        long timer = JANOS.uptimeMillis() + TIMEOUT;
        
        while (JANOS.uptimeMillis() < timer) {
            
            // some event would reset the timer
            // timer = JANOS.uptimeMillis() + TIMEOUT;
            
            System.sleep(1000);
        }
        
        System.out.println("Timeout expired.");
        System.out.println(new Date());
    }
        
}

bruce_dev /> jtest
Wed Dec 06 09:16:31 EST 2017
Timeout expired.
Wed Dec 06 09:18:32 EST 2017

bruce_dev />

And there you go. Close enough to 2 minutes (120000 milliseconds). Typically such timeouts need not be precise. You do not want to load the CPU doing little else than checking for timeout. If you are trying to implement an accurate delay or scheduling an event at a precise time there are other approaches. This is your quick and dirty timeout.

Note that you do not want to use the RTC time of day for this kind of timeout. That can jump discontinuously when for instance the clock is adjusted manually or through the NTP protocol.

By Bruce Cloutier | On December 6, 2017 10:21 am | No Comments |

The JSON Bandwagon

It seems that more often than not these days (at INTEG at least) when we need to store or transfer data we are using the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). This is also known as ECMA-404 The JSON Data Interchange Standard. I have attached the document. If you are not at all interested in JSON you should at least visit http://www.json.org/ if for no other reason but to see how amazingly clearly and impressively concisely the format is described in just a single page.

JANOS uses JSON in numerous ways. Firstly, it is the data format that we use for the built-in Websockets interface that replaces the original binary JNIOR Protocol. That interface provides remote monitoring and control of the JNIOR. It is the underlying connection that makes the DCP (Dynamic Configuration Pages) possible. Secondly, the MANIFEST command uses JSON as a database format for the manifest.json reference files. And also, the JSON functionality is exposed through the JANOS Runtime Environment where it has been employed by applications for communications, databases, and configuration. The CAT command even has an option (-J) that will format a JSON text (including manifest.json) file making it readable.

From the applications point of view, JSON is handled through the java.util.Json class supplied by the etc/JanosClasses.jar runtime library. The JANOS programming environment is not your standard Java environment. This is one of many classes that we have provided allowing you to benefit from the underlying operating system. I am going to dive into this JSON class to show you what can be achieved and some of the tricks.

ECMA-404.pdf [ Jul 19 2018, 1 MB, MD5: a2e87492ab7c03f557c98c8ecde9c79a ]

I have to admit that I have been recently developing applications that utilize JSON and this forced me to refresh my memory of the java.util.Json class. There are few enhancements to that class that I might implement. So I thought that I would do that here and out in the open. I will be clear though as to what is new for JANOS v1.6.3 and what you already have available in your JNIORs.

So to start I have attached the current JavaDoc for the class. In this there is one new method getBoolean() that I have just added. Before this you needed to use the get() method and cast the returned Object it to a boolean to retrieve the logical. That by itself is not a problem. But, it wouldn’t be clear to you that you could do that.

Ok, in the process I will give the JavaDoc some attention too. Please feel free to jump in and comment.

Json-JanosRuntime-JavaDOC.pdf [ Jul 19 2018, 190 KB, MD5: 7ad7bc53e195b896aba20960e0013d18 ]

By the way, if you are programming and want access to this JavaDoc you need to get the runtime JAR from us. You can develop using the etc/JanosClasses.jar runtime but that does not contain the JavaDoc. Elsewhere I describe how to configure Netbeans to build your application specifically for our runtime. Here I have attached the enhanced Runtime JAR for JANOS v1.6.2. If you configure for it you can confirm that the Json getBoolean() method is absent from the class.

[Download not found]

To get started we could use some examples of JSON with which to work.

You can run the MANIFEST -U command and generate an updated manifest.json for your JNIOR. That file actually is stored in two places: /manifest.json and /flash/manifest.json. One is the backup for the other. Here is what it looks like. I have to apologize as my development JNIOR has a crap load (technical term) of files on it so its a long listing. We’ll use CAT -J to format it.

CODE: SELECT ALL

bruce_dev /> cat -j manifest.json
{
  "model":"410",
  "serno":614070500,
  "vers":"v1.6.3-rc4",
  "date":"12/01/17 13:04:04",
  "files":{
    "/etc/janosclasses.jar":{
      "length":243492,
      "date":1512145376,
      "md5":"ece8d0ebf9b6882e488d1f7c9e764ce0",
      "crc":"bde463c8",
      "sha":"373b88f011b49f65eafd8e293fc185cc2563892e"
    },
    "/flash/serialcontrol.jar":{
      "length":31344,
      "date":1450364184,
      "md5":"b349e02b7efc64c0dfe5eb74292a5ee6",
      "crc":"3a005104"
    },
    "/flash/serialethernet.jar":{
      "length":25266,
      "date":1433505362,
      "md5":"ee5e266bb8418b4223a666bd046a8c56",
      "crc":"c3961df2"
    },
    "/flash/modbusserver.jar":{
      "length":51907,
      "date":1502219129,
      "md5":"77c16d6134dbd7ec93313fbad2b00d93",
      "crc":"b7456b42",
      "sha":"fad4ecc3d1607aafe0a385a10fb5ee90eff521bd"
    },
    "/flash/snmp.jar":{
      "length":239949,
      "date":1493062048,
      "md5":"b77d35c322ef6645f1eca9d22b29400b",
      "crc":"a4073dcb",
      "sha":"44a3c2b41a2375ef603063cc9b04642903dad973"
    },
    "/flash/www/base64.js":{
      "length":3493,
      "date":1433505378,
      "md5":"1138db1b5a6e165beae3ed81739dd2ec",
      "crc":"baceb6f6"
    },
    "/flash/www/configure/index.html":{
      "length":1349,
      "date":1433505382,
      "md5":"0454014aecfd0b7d9e4ce1efe0979139",
      "crc":"11ba5486"
    },
    "/flash/www/jr310applet.jar":{
      "length":287159,
      "date":1441207703,
      "md5":"f9c4840e7244824b75858a1a40dfb163",
      "crc":"3d1d0c72"
    },
    "/flash/www/jniorprotocol.jar":{
      "length":115148,
      "date":1441207710,
      "md5":"404b40c4293bf3c334e3b88e2fe0dd10",
      "crc":"5143ec4f"
    },
    "/flash/www/jniorprotocolhelpers.jar":{
      "length":34991,
      "date":1433505394,
      "md5":"b08e33e0c21e6c075b9b242bf092b68e",
      "crc":"48990308"
    },
    "/flash/www/task/index.html":{
      "length":1415,
      "date":1433505397,
      "md5":"bbdc32dce371881b3eebd15f5b3fce96",
      "crc":"cdbe02e4"
    },
    "/flash/www/taskmanagerinterface.jar":{
      "length":123052,
      "date":1433505400,
      "md5":"077cddccee476fab552d52a5eefd26a7",
      "crc":"647bb4b3"
    },
    "/flash/www/jquery/jquery-1.9.0.min.js":{
      "length":93071,
      "date":1433505404,
      "md5":"2b869ea9c8edd4c2243c5d44f665f632",
      "crc":"6a2a8434"
    },
    "/flash/www/jquery/jquery-ui.css":{
      "length":33441,
      "date":1433505405,
      "md5":"c6bd2971b8e625f2ae43ede9f655a27b",
      "crc":"0497b7a6"
    },
    "/flash/www/jquery/jquery-ui.min.js":{
      "length":96395,
      "date":1433505409,
      "md5":"8f636d4c90ea0abfcbb25528c635bf7d",
      "crc":"820662f5"
    },
    "/flash/www/vendor/bowser/bowser_0.7.2.min.js":{
      "length":3359,
      "date":1433505412,
      "md5":"61a36d48aad1298b17284b53f6ce3fd1",
      "crc":"22deb9e6"
    },
    "/flash/www/text":{
      "length":1336,
      "date":1434044220,
      "md5":"bab65804218b18b9e1a79f2d8e873259",
      "crc":"dda17d61"
    },
    "/flash/www/cycle":{
      "length":419,
      "date":1434044214,
      "md5":"9eb9bbdae70c1f994ebb7f51b18783b8",
      "crc":"9e496eb9"
    },
    "/flash/slaveservice.jar":{
      "length":73323,
      "date":1465435094,
      "md5":"cd6f5e177d75675607e9523d52e133f7",
      "crc":"9a871cd7"
    },
    "/flash/ftp.jar":{
      "length":9563,
      "date":1475783634,
      "md5":"793e460054f07867685e87f98fd402e6",
      "crc":"36fd641e"
    },
    "/flash/task.ini":{
      "length":4311,
      "date":1433782061,
      "md5":"b1f877ac198306b266311eab557ed1dd",
      "crc":"36a57579"
    },
    "/flash/task.jar":{
      "length":102655,
      "date":1434645611,
      "md5":"1979b16970127f2c38912777cb105133",
      "crc":"ed4d6ad7"
    },
    "/flash/jnior.ini":{
      "length":4874,
      "date":1512052838,
      "md5":"90740fe1ddcf0ddf0774c2574e234dfe",
      "crc":"c78e61d7",
      "sha":"76aa475db28479a22e748e6181cf11423988c266"
    },
    "/jniorsys.log":{
      "length":32844,
      "date":1512145587,
      "md5":"be4968cceb2fe0b2bebf50daac17d739",
      "crc":"637fb821",
      "sha":"2b6b56f5e3a731b933cf6e1594dfe1e003674d6b"
    },
    "/jniorboot.log.bak":{
      "length":1041,
      "date":1512074628,
      "md5":"8261c4f9cd12695626755ba6d1b0b9ad",
      "crc":"03e23ea1",
      "sha":"761a2b3fa74a921778d1c6fc438b5bfd0d51bc29"
    },
    "/jniorboot.log":{
      "length":995,
      "date":1512145452,
      "md5":"f053bbba44bea8f6333702fef922d950",
      "crc":"fa976c1c",
      "sha":"c2665669c49028a549a2e30e10b27e8f2aba5861"
    },
    "/flash/benchmark.jar":{
      "length":24351,
      "date":1464873509,
      "md5":"987f4044786771f31e0656cf91ed73f3",
      "crc":"1eed095a"
    },
    "/flash/threadtest.jar":{
      "length":3601,
      "date":1434645124,
      "md5":"902ce61cbd2524ca9b83dea335c395d3",
      "crc":"cd2479ff"
    },
    "/flash/test4to20.jar":{
      "length":3862,
      "date":1434659455,
      "md5":"a2e309c9d6dd112e5303aa76d2470740",
      "crc":"976f8208"
    },
    "/flash/dirs.bat":{
      "length":87,
      "date":1435691869,
      "md5":"531d655733ee668d829f9b3bdad96038",
      "crc":"6a11f77a"
    },
    "/flash/www/console/index.php":{
      "length":4347,
      "date":1438974987,
      "md5":"8728680bbc36d369429f7ca2c73cce7d",
      "crc":"c939c423"
    },
    "/flash/clean.bat":{
      "length":56,
      "date":1436532855,
      "md5":"ac9ce6553e1629412fb426b342440493",
      "crc":"3b661614"
    },
    "/flash/jnior1024.key":{
      "length":887,
      "date":1437746752,
      "md5":"b76b5351a92fdcc8d9b6b38ca62d8d71",
      "crc":"7983e14c"
    },
    "/flash/www/config/md5.js":{
      "length":5693,
      "date":1433505379,
      "md5":"a60fec5a81f207ff99ec1b97e3ccad0e",
      "crc":"e2a43d16"
    },
    "/flash/www/config/node.png":{
      "length":253,
      "date":1440435886,
      "md5":"1a8dbfaf1771a06e48dea0e3dc604392",
      "crc":"799c6dfc"
    },
    "/flash/www/config/tabs-styles.css":{
      "length":970,
      "date":1477590404,
      "md5":"68bca7015f51e26ab42199b5eb17a356",
      "crc":"f8870a33"
    },
    "/flash/www/config/tabs.js":{
      "length":3662,
      "date":1449678641,
      "md5":"ff728c86018341548ee70028062c89e0",
      "crc":"1a813112"
    },
    "/flash/www/config/styles.css":{
      "length":4450,
      "date":1504814044,
      "md5":"9ad78cca1b794dbcf9db3c55f1be5f1b",
      "crc":"acbd2e14",
      "sha":"3cf0bbc864840994a49f62d0ae00df6d8eb47ef3"
    },
    "/flash/www/config/comm.js":{
      "length":3541,
      "date":1507912287,
      "md5":"e7d2e56a443176d6150bbcc8b56e1911",
      "crc":"0ac0ed26",
      "sha":"5e66b96227779c5ef3736a7ca891a43cacffbbf1"
    },
    "/flash/www/config/console.js":{
      "length":5137,
      "date":1504815652,
      "md5":"33289e4b09f462efdb50e8d30d22d791",
      "crc":"b89fe380",
      "sha":"c2f3ea4fc0344d43b0c30b7f60b2b6c79c1f4817"
    },
    "/flash/www/config/config.js":{
      "length":12639,
      "date":1507912576,
      "md5":"75bf22a88d8a23b17de267607b88a14c",
      "crc":"d693e2f4",
      "sha":"cf9e9bcf7cc7d79ae648b241af16ee194199d7b3"
    },
    "/flash/www/config/index.php":{
      "length":22103,
      "date":1510262716,
      "md5":"6fe98e5238c5834d55b0140a7172fec6",
      "crc":"81f11698",
      "sha":"b5b440d43bb19da0396e8ab615161be9200e6180"
    },
    "/flash/www/jnior.ico":{
      "length":3262,
      "date":1439548680,
      "md5":"1c3b3dda6b10c6259fcf7c068b760f09",
      "crc":"051803eb"
    },
    "/flash/www/favicon.ico":{
      "length":156790,
      "date":1486410493,
      "md5":"07cb90c7f3573eff80222269625ed1dd",
      "crc":"7e367afa",
      "sha":"284add71fe3d3ba48fba059b88ff5143d3964b1d"
    },
    "/flash/analogpresets.jar":{
      "length":163902,
      "date":1441372806,
      "md5":"25eacc647412535e320302d3680ce327",
      "crc":"e6b656fc"
    },
    "/flash/www/config/config.css.php":{
      "length":1045,
      "date":1475072901,
      "md5":"1692861e9abd7f8d81f5b7cf8a176046",
      "crc":"4c386a21"
    },
    "/flash/www/config/inputs.png":{
      "length":18047,
      "date":1443116143,
      "md5":"e2151c93b6cdeaa154d15fab486ae61b",
      "crc":"16290877"
    },
    "/flash/www/config/loading.gif":{
      "length":3236,
      "date":1264096270,
      "md5":"d96f6517e00399c37a9765e045eaaf22",
      "crc":"16f442ed"
    },
    "/flash/jtest.jar":{
      "length":1832,
      "date":1511984925,
      "md5":"89f28d11945790915112f0a4880b6adc",
      "crc":"cf00edbe",
      "sha":"df53eab9f4eb1360c7ab48f30298ce7c48b0e440"
    },
    "/flash/www/vendor/angular_1.3.15/angular.min.js":{
      "length":125909,
      "date":1449498838,
      "md5":"ca1a58818682c3e858a585f283ab9beb",
      "crc":"9d8147d7"
    },
    "/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/css/bootstrap-theme.css":{
      "length":21740,
      "date":1449498835,
      "md5":"c64043a3388612233d7eb947918a9bfc",
      "crc":"638f58a3"
    },
    "/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/css/bootstrap-theme.css.map":{
      "length":41933,
      "date":1449498838,
      "md5":"c5da8241305bfe7e19919e6e943739eb",
      "crc":"11260772"
    },
    "/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css":{
      "length":19199,
      "date":1449498840,
      "md5":"374df0ad5809a5314b0577802430a272",
      "crc":"8b3c47b7"
    },
    "/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/css/bootstrap.css":{
      "length":137590,
      "date":1449498845,
      "md5":"ad6381ebfa541b55b0152349c6cabf76",
      "crc":"371e67da"
    },
    "/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/css/bootstrap.css.map":{
      "length":366866,
      "date":1449498854,
      "md5":"4ba278e0c420d166e5a0eb71545f9509",
      "crc/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff":{
      "length":23320,
      "date":1449498858,
      "md5":"68ed1dac06bf0409c18ae7bc62889170",
      "crc":"cec1a35c"
    },
    "/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/js/bootstrap.min.js":{
      "length":34653,
      "date":1449498862,
      "md5":"281cd50dd9f58c5550620fc148a7bc39",
      "crc":"32d6c689"
    },
    "/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/js/bootstrap.js":{
      "length":65813,
      "date":1449498862,
      "md5":"d5a03d9cca57637f008124916b86b585",
      "crc":"f504a7b3"
    },
    "/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/js/npm.js":{
      "length":484,
      "date":1449498863,
      "md5":"ccb7f3909e30b1eb8f65a24393c6e12b",
      "crc":"cc50e34d"
    },
    "/flash/www/vendor/jquery_1.11.1/jquery-1.11.1.min.map":{
      "length":141680,
      "date":1449498870,
      "md5":"ffbeb16578d8cdf58104889baacbbef2",
      "crc":"e4e92bfd"
    },
    "/flash/www/vendor/jquery_1.11.1/jquery-1.11.1.min.js":{
      "length":95786,
      "date":1449498869,
      "md5":"8101d596b2b8fa35fe3a634ea342d7c3",
      "crc":"804ff984"
    },
    "/flash/www/config/integlogo.png":{
      "length":5773,
      "date":1449163436,
      "md5":"9111308273dadea73f5d09a5e02c7311",
      "crc":"60c4e184"
    },
    "/flash/utility.jar":{
      "length":106794,
      "date":1449773066,
      "md5":"ac559b91b537dfa70720a416f32f2960",
      "crc":"888936f1"
    },
    "/flash/generators/json/colour.js":{
      "length":4327,
      "date":1449774238,
      "md5":"c67e10d0e0e698fcdbbbadcaa55600d4",
      "crc":"19e8a38f"
    },
    "/flash/generators/json/ethernet.js":{
      "length":1409,
      "date":1449774238,
      "md5":"1b6bae08feb93f6bd345a3780c3acb69",
      "crc":"848097a7"
    },
    "/flash/generators/json/inputs.js":{
      "length":2825,
      "date":1449774239,
      "md5":"6959db5a769ff3ceea45bf606bda940a",
      "crc":"c544d780"
    },
    "/flash/generators/json/lists.js":{
      "length":12006,
      "date":1449774239,
      "md5":"5cc489ac77db7a3369b2ffc30cbd3a86",
      "crc":"ba761254"
    },
    "/flash/generators/json/logic.js":{
      "length":4404,
      "date":1449774239,
      "md5":"9cd1cf854976ebb69a6c20a7ac88d2f9",
      "crc":"6c2189f9"
    },
    "/flash/generators/json/loops.js":{
      "length":6040,
      "date":1449774239,
      "md5":"e8e9021b5d4eb2e0cc43f11ad5b3bfd7",
      "crc":"b30a758a"
    },
    "/flash/generators/json/math.js":{
      "length":14673,
      "date":1449774240,
      "md5":"fa22c29efc362e02d8f35838fcca46e5",
      "crc":"8fc62e67"
    },
    "/flash/generators/json/other.js":{
      "length":983,
      "date":1449774240,
      "md5":"dd77f555bc9b50ed17a215d7935f10ab",
      "crc":"3e07810d"
    },
    "/flash/generators/json/outputs.js":{
      "length":3861,
      "date":1449774240,
      "md5":"72a118cd7829b5a510e5a901d8863d6e",
      "crc":"bdd5e320"
    },
    "/flash/generators/json/procedures.js":{
      "length":3945,
      "date":1449774240,
      "md5":"cb9fb880bebb3375273353fafc12dc9c",
      "crc":"20d43aad"
    },
    "/flash/generators/json/text.js":{
      "length":1363,
      "date":1449774241,
      "md5":"a0bd39f638202a0800c100b4eac3cbc3",
      "crc":"b17b24d6"
    },
    "/flash/generators/json/timing.js":{
      "length":2638,
      "date":1449774241,
      "md5":"b1ee803dd8e6e00de74e0a3269f0a2ff",
      "crc":"489061b8"
    },
    "/flash/generators/json/variables.js":{
      "length":1500,
      "date":1449774241,
      "md5":"fecce79a400d5e4e1edbe521699fa604",
      "crc":"cb724c91"
    },
    "/flash/generators/json.js":{
      "length":4115,
      "date":1449774238,
      "md5":"cc72f2468eb970110f3f6f0278f43467",
      "crc":"25a98f30"
    },
    "/flash/www/config/link_to.png":{
      "length":259,
      "date":1450466976,
      "md5":"b1ed68183be4f97ce1793139496dbbb4",
      "crc":"a067876a"
    },
    11124a10766",
      "crc":"62d153fb"
    },
    "/flash/public/dcp.zip":{
      "length":181914,
      "date":1504795829,
      "md5":"655e8587293f35f11c5c24fc38201d2f",
      "sha":"5fcfd8e38826e648f98f8d50f3613deb0d6312b6",
      "crc":"da99b7d0"
    },
    "/flash/test.txt":{
      "length":304,
      "date":1495131459,
      "md5":"fc9f1f5e67928ccb9be3aeaa66cd9e52",
      "sha":"6100d999f484f98ab476408c801dd000e579a62c",
      "crc":"765047c5"
    },
    "/flash/dmx.jar":{
      "length":4476,
      "date":1500567859,
      "md5":"3fd35bbe6bbf53a32aecf273275d1839",
      "sha":"4f702a87adb060294b553e6bd212672727d5d25f",
      "crc":"e81db9aa"
    },
    "/flash/juptime.jar":{
      "length":3201,
      "date":1506713589,
      "md5":"d4c2482fae18482727c1b2afabcf94b4",
      "sha":"86268b720b99760a4ebdb803db53f3f7fd18fd18",
      "crc":"44b0878c"
    },
    "/flash/jscan.jar":{
      "length":2189,
      "date":1507141493,
      "md5":"a0a42e17f003cedcac9c8e662ada6b36",
      "sha":"f1cafb56fdae33b66fff9b20cd2ff2705d96da9e",
      "crc":"60f00fe2"
    },
    "/access.log":{
      "length":177,
      "date":1510081848,
      "md5":"914113dd52c4e74d2675eb1094ba10c6",
      "sha":"0212252f4f04ab136ce74ab0425cd7fce26b7c47",
      "crc":"e9a7f8d8"
    },
    "/auxio.log":{
      "length":1589,
      "date":1511288557,
      "md5":"a52713575d5c449ff8e8cdbeb7e10ba6",
      "sha":"22106e83ff429cc08fe16f21dc32623850f5673c",
      "crc":"a29ad191"
    },
    "/jniorio.log":{
      "length":3332,
      "date":1511289076,
      "md5":"d3c685fde34b343f2ba53dd60e4bf11d",
      "sha":"dd001970b69d61ab619745853addaf2910aabb31",
      "crc":"1bbc78de"
    },
    "/flash/hmi.jar":{
      "length":8329,
      "date":1511283865,
      "md5":"1a1b247ccb5e3eb9623d12578c1ba833",
      "sha":"7a1f5868817e8a3e60fe8fb2c4d9ed168e53d141",
      "crc":"fb2a0367"
    },
    "/flash/ckeypad.jar":{
      "length":11194,
      "date":1512145569,
      "md5":"71288ea4ffa40e936dbecfd010fff785",
      "sha":"23f944b627705716697ece761c6c95f8c1f873bb",
      "crc":"3d9fc092"
    }
  }
}
bruce_dev />

I can get some small ones say from the protocol we are defining to the Cinema UI project. Here’s the response to a GetInfo request. And, I’ll get the response to a MacroList in a bit.

CODE: SELECT ALL

bruce_dev /> cat -j getinfo.json                                                                
{
  "Message":"GetInfoResponse",
  "Information":"Cinema v2.4.0.473"
}
bruce_dev />

Okay so here is a response to a MacroListRequest that we are using in the Cinema UI implementation. It is just another JSON example that we can work with here.

CODE: SELECT ALL

bruce_dev /> cat inforesponse.json -j
{
  "Message":"GetMacroListResponse",
  "MacroList":[
    "Preshow Start",
    "Preshow End",
    "Flat Start Trailers",
    "Scope Start Trailers",
    "Feature Start",
    "Feature Credits",
    "Feature End",
    "Start Intermission",
    "Stop Intermission",
    "Extend Intermission 15 Seconds",
    "Shorten Intermission 15 Seconds",
    "Intermission End",
    "Fire Alarm",
    "Fire Alarm Clear",
    "Lights Dim",
    "Lights Half",
    "Lights Full",
    "Multiple",
    "Test",
    "ticket sold",
    "no ticket sold",
    "violet",
    "LED Off",
    "LED Green",
    "Core Command 1",
    "Core Command 2",
    "RWB"
  ]
}
bruce_dev />

So the file actually contains one huge string. Here I will manually wrap it.

{"Message":"GetMacroListResponse","MacroList":["Preshow Start","Preshow End","Flat Start Trailers",
  "Scope Start Trailers","Feature Start","Feature Credits","Feature End","Start Intermission",
  "Stop Intermission","Extend Intermission 15 Seconds","Shorten Intermission 15 Seconds","Intermission End",
  "Fire Alarm","Fire Alarm Clear","Lights Dim","Lights Half","Lights Full","Multiple","Test","ticket sold",
  "no ticket sold","violet","LED Off","LED Green","Core Command 1","Core Command 2","RWB"]}

let’s access the MacroListResponse and fetch data from it. The following program creates a Jason object from the content of the specified File. We need to use a File object here since we can also instantiate a Json object directly from a string. So we can’t just directly specify the filename. Once we have the object we search for the “message” name-value pair and retrieve its String content.

package jtest;
 
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Json;
 
public class Main {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        // Obtain Json Object from a file
        Json jdb = new Json(new File("inforesponse.json"));
        
        // Fetch String content
        String msg = jdb.getString("Message");
        System.out.println(msg);
        
    }
}

bruce_dev /> jtest
GetMacroListResponse

bruce_dev />

In this JSON object we know that the MacroList is an array of Strings. So it is a simple matter to itemize or list them.

package jtest;
 
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Json;
 
public class Main {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        // Obtain Json Object from a file
        Json jdb = new Json(new File("inforesponse.json"));
        
        // List the macros
        String[] macros = (String[]) jdb.get("MacroList");
        for (int n = 0; n < macros.length; n++)
            System.out.println(macros[n]);
        
    }
}

bruce_dev /> jtest
GetMacroListResponse

bruce_dev /> jtest
Preshow Start
Preshow End
Flat Start Trailers
Scope Start Trailers
Feature Start
Feature Credits
Feature End
Start Intermission
Stop Intermission
Extend Intermission 15 Seconds
Shorten Intermission 15 Seconds
Intermission End
Fire Alarm
Fire Alarm Clear
Lights Dim
Lights Half
Lights Full
Multiple
Test
ticket sold
no ticket sold
violet
LED Off
LED Green
Core Command 1
Core Command 2
RWB

bruce_dev />

But if we didn’t know it was an array could we figure it out?

package jtest;
 
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Json;
 
public class Main {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        // Obtain Json Object from a file
        Json jdb = new Json(new File("inforesponse.json"));
        
        // List the macros
        Object obj = jdb.get("MacroList");
 
        if (obj instanceof Object[]) {
            System.out.println("MacroList is an array.");
            
            // first few entries
            for (int n = 0; n < ((Object[]) obj).length && n < 4; n++)
                System.out.println( " " + (n + 1) + ". " + ((Object[]) obj)[n] );
        }  
    }
}

bruce_dev /> jtest
MacroList is an array.
 1. Preshow Start
 2. Preshow End
 3. Flat Start Trailers
 4. Scope Start Trailers

bruce_dev />

It just seems that I can make this a little cleaner. You know, like by providing an isArray() method or something along those lines.

When you are confronted with some JSON and you don’t have an official schema how do you know what is there? The get() methods require that you supply the name (or key) for an object but you might not know what name:value pairs are present. You can enumerate the structure.

Every JSON object encloses 0 or more name:value or string:value pairs in curly braces {}.

The following can enumerate the keys which are guaranteed to be strings identifying each name:value pair. Let’s work now with the MANIFEST database file to decipher its structure.

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        // Obtain Json Object from a file
        Json jdb = new Json(new File("manifest.json"));
        
        // List top level enties
        Enumeration e = jdb.keys();
        while (e.hasMoreElements()) 
            System.out.println(e.nextElement());
    }

bruce_dev /> jtest
model
serno
vers
date
files

bruce_dev />

We can expand this to show the values associated with these keys. Note that we generically fetch the value Object and explicitly convert it to a string for display.

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        // Obtain Json Object from a file
        Json jdb = new Json(new File("manifest.json"));
        
        // List top level enties
        Enumeration e = jdb.keys();
        while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
            String name = (String) e.nextElement();
            System.out.printf("%s = %s\n", name, jdb.get(name).toString());
        }
    }

bruce_dev /> jtest
model = 410
serno = 614070500
vers = v1.6.3-rc4
date = 12/01/17 13:04:04
files = 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bruce_dev />

So beyond identification header information such as model, serial number, JANOS version and timestamp the last entry files appears to be another JSON Object, That seems to be the database content.

In manifest.json the files element is another JSON Object. So let’s load that and enumerate the keys it contains.

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        // Obtain Json Object from a file
        Json j = new Json(new File("manifest.json"));
        Json jdb = (Json) j.get("files");
        
        // List top level enties
        Enumeration e = jdb.keys();
        while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
            String name = (String) e.nextElement();
            System.out.println(name);
        }
    }

CODE: SELECT ALL

bruce_dev /> jtest
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/flash/snmp.jar
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/flash/www/jniorprotocol.jar
/flash/www/jniorprotocolhelpers.jar
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/flash/www/taskmanagerinterface.jar
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/flash/www/config/index.php
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/flash/www/favicon.ico
/flash/analogpresets.jar
/flash/www/config/config.css.php
/flash/www/config/inputs.png
/flash/www/config/loading.gif
/flash/jtest.jar
/flash/www/vendor/angular_1.3.15/angular.min.js
/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/css/bootstrap-theme.css
/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/css/bootstrap-theme.css.map
/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css
/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/css/bootstrap.css
/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/css/bootstrap.css.map
/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/css/bootstrap.min.css
/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot
/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg
/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf
/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff
/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/js/bootstrap.min.js
/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/js/bootstrap.js
/flash/www/vendor/bootstrap_3.3.0/js/npm.js
/flash/www/vendor/jquery_1.11.1/jquery-1.11.1.min.map
/flash/www/vendor/jquery_1.11.1/jquery-1.11.1.min.js
/flash/www/config/integlogo.png
/flash/utility.jar
/flash/generators/json/colour.js
/flash/generators/json/ethernet.js
/flash/generators/json/inputs.js
/flash/generators/json/lists.js
/flash/generators/json/logic.js
/flash/generators/json/loops.js
/flash/generators/json/math.js
/flash/generators/json/other.js
/flash/generators/json/outputs.js
/flash/generators/json/procedures.js
/flash/generators/json/text.js
/flash/generators/json/timing.js
/flash/generators/json/variables.js
/flash/generators/json.js
/flash/www/config/link_to.png
/flash/www/config/collapsed.png
/flash/www/config/linked.png
/flash/www/config/expanded.png
/flash/www/config/registry.js
/flash/www/config/deletex.png
/flash/www/config/modules.js
/flash/www/logging.php
/flash/www/slaving.zip
/flash/0-10vtest.jar
/flash/4routtest.jar
/flash/environ.jar
/flash/current.key
/flash/serialtest.jar
/flash/intellij.jar
/flash/jmodule.jar
/flash/udptest.jar
/flash/buffer.jar
/flash/display.jar
/flash/rz.jar
/flash/www/config/folder.png
/flash/www/config/file.png
/flash/www/config/warning.png
/flash/www/config/folders.js
/flash/clktest.jar
/flash/timesearch.jar
/flash/janosruntime_1.5.1.jar
/flash/www/config/relays.js
/flash/www/config/temperature.js
/flash/www/config/dimmer.js
/flash/www/config/range.css
/flash/www/config/analog.js
/flash/www/config/ledon.png
/flash/www/config/panel.js
/flash/www/config/ledoff.png
/flash/jpanel.jar
/flash/www/config/syslog.js
/flash/www/config/peers.js
/flash/www/index.php
/flash/www/www.zip
/flash/www/download1.php
/flash/www/short.php
/flash/ctrlc.jar
/flash/www.zip
/flash/www/config/favicon.ico
/flash/www/map.html
/flash/jmanifest.jar
/flash/jping.jar
/flash/jaccess.jar
/flash/somepath/path2/testx.php
/flash/bruce_dev.cer
/flash/www/config/registrydoc.css
/flash/www/config/registrydoc.html
/flash/www/panel/comm.js
/flash/www/panel/index.php
/flash/www/panel/panel.js
/flash/www/panel/panel.css
/flash/www/graphr.zip
/flash/public/dcp.zip
/flash/test.txt
/flash/dmx.jar
/flash/juptime.jar
/flash/jscan.jar
/access.log
/auxio.log
/jniorio.log
/flash/hmi.jar
/flash/ckeypad.jar

bruce_dev />

So here we see that there is basically an entry for every file on the JNIOR. The files are defined by their absolute path from the root.

Let’s enumerate the content of the first file entry. I’ll just break in the loop to do one.

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        // Obtain Json Object from a file
        Json j = new Json(new File("manifest.json"));
        Json jdb = (Json) j.get("files");
        
        // List top level enties
        Enumeration e = jdb.keys();
        while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
            String name = (String) e.nextElement();
            System.out.printf("%s = %s\n", name, jdb.get(name).toString());
            break;
        }
    }

bruce_dev /> jtest
/etc/janosclasses.jar = {"length":243492,"date":1512145376,"md5":"ece8d0ebf9b6882e488d1f7c9e764ce0","crc":"bde463c8","sha":"373b88f011b49f65eafd8e293fc185cc2563892e"}

bruce_dev />

So the file entry is yet another JSON Object/ It looks to contain file information.

Okay. Let’s see what it has to say about the first file.

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        // Obtain Json Object from a file
        Json j = new Json(new File("manifest.json"));
        Json jdb = (Json) j.get("files");
        
        // Get first entry whatever it is and enumerate it
        Enumeration e = jdb.keys();
        while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
            String name = (String) e.nextElement();
            System.out.println(name);
 
            Json jfile = (Json) jdb.get(name);
            Enumeration efile = jfile.keys();
            while (efile.hasMoreElements()) {
                String name2 = (String) efile.nextElement();
                System.out.printf("   %s = %s\n", name2, jfile.get(name2));
            }            
            
            break;
        }
    }

We see the file size in bytes, some kind of encoded date, and three difference checksums or digests (MD5, CRC, and SHA). The CRC is CRC32 by teh way and SHA is SHA1.

The date is in Unix format GMT timezone.

So that pretty much is the structure of the MANIFEST database. That is a good example of using the JSON format for database storage.

By the way, the JanosClasses.jar file was just changed. The database has an earlier reference. So the date and checksum don’t match. This is how MANIFEST knows to indicate that the file has been “Modified”.

bruce_dev /> manifest etc
JNIOR Manifest      Tue Dec 05 15:26:12 EST 2017
  Size                  MD5                  File Specification
 265756   f26d0f63dd5cc055dad699f117bb4f17  [Modified] /etc/JanosClasses.jar
End of Manifest (1 files listed)

bruce_dev />

We could update our database with a MANIFEST -U command and examine it again. If we did you would see that the MD5 then matches.

By Bruce Cloutier | On December 5, 2017 3:37 pm | No Comments |

Easy Default Configuration

Applications receive command line arguments just as any standard Java program would. You can use these to establish new default configuration settings. For example we are developing a UI for our Cinema application. The UI application (called “Cinekey” right now) when run makes a TCP/IP connection to a host running the Cinema application. By default localhost is used and the default port is 9610.

The command line syntax is:

cineky [Ip_address [port]]

You can even include these parameters in a Run key. If the optional host Ip_address is specified it will be recorded as the new default. If you specify the host you can also optionally specify the port. That will also be save as default. That means that if you do that once then you can just use the program name from that point forward to run it and it will use the last specified socket default.

Here is the code for that. You can see how it can be adapted perhaps to your configuration needs.

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
        
        String host = "";
        int port;
        
        // obtain port
        if (args.length > 1) {
            port = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
            JANOS.setRegistryString("Cinekey/Port", Integer.toString(port));
        }
        else
            port = JANOS.getRegistryInt("Cinekey/Port", 9610);
        
        // Obtain host
        if (args.length > 0) {
            host = args[0];
            JANOS.setRegistryString("Cinekey/Host", host);
        }
        else
            host = JANOS.getRegistryString("Cinekey/Host", "localhost");
        
        // Establish connection
        conn = new CineConnect(host, port);
        new Thread(conn).start();

By Bruce Cloutier | On December 4, 2017 10:17 am | No Comments |

Implementing Authentication

While JANOS strives to create a secure environment we generally fall short in that arena when it comes to applications. An application can listen for connections and process its own custom protocol. That is not so complicated to do but it is another big step to insure some level of security. We hardly ever get that done.

If the custom protocol first requires a username and password, you can use the method that JANOS provides User.validate() to validate the login. The issue here is that the username and password are transferred in the clear unless the protocol requires a secure SSL/TLS connection.

When an application implements the client side of a connection there is the User.digestMD5() method that can be used in combination with a NONCE to transfer credentials securely. Unfortunately we don’t have method available to validate digest encoded credentials on the server side.

By the way, I think it is better to transfer the username and password in the clear than to not implement authentication at all. Note also that the vast majority of our applications run on a physically secure network.

Still we can certainly ramp this up a level.

Also, applications run with Administrator privileges and merely authenticate the supplied username and password. The supplied account then does not limit the application. So you can define a guest level account solely for authenticating access. If those credentials are then compromised perhaps by being transferred in the clear they are really not a security issue otherwise. In other words, you shouldn’t use an administrator account to log into these application protocols. In addition, an application protocol shouldn’t implement capabilities that compromise the security of the JNIOR by allowing configuration changes.

We’ve been using a “nonce” string to encrypt credentials for transfer over clear text channels. The approach was first employed as an option in the JNIOR Protocol. It works like this.

Nonce String

The “nonce string” is any string of random (usually printable) characters. It is generated by the server and supplied to the client either upon request or as part of an announcement on connection. The nonce can only be used once to authenticate a set of credentials. It should only be valid for a brief period of time, usually 1 or 2 minutes.

The Hash

The client uses an MD5 message digest function to obtain a hash from a combination of username, password and nonce. Our procedure combines the username followed by the nonce followed by the password each separated by a colon ‘:’. Therefore:

hash = MD5( username + ":" + nonce + ":" + password )

The hash produced here is a 16 byte binary array. It is converted to a 32 character hexadecimal (case-insensitive) representation before it is used.

Encoded Credentials

The credentials are then supplied with the username in plain text as follows:

encoded_credentials = username + ":" + hash_hexadecimal

The encoded credentials string is supplied to the server for authentication. The server takes the username from the string and looks up the password for the account. It then uses the nonce it supplied to calculate the digest as defined above. If the calculated digest matches that sent by the client the login is valid.

Since it is practicably impossible to reverse the hash to determine the password for the account this limits risk when transmitted in the clear. It does not matter if the attacker knows the nonce. It is imperative that the nonce be single use and if possible only valid for the one socket connection. This is to prevent a replay attack where the encoded credentials are repeated by the attacker to gain access.

An issue with the above is that applications do not have access to user account passwords in clear text in order to calculate the digest. JANOS needs to provide some assistance here. A validation method is needed.

So it can be done. The following takes encoded credentials as if they were from a client to which we had supplied the random nonce. We then process the authentication without access to the password for the user.

package jtest;
 
import com.integpg.system.ArrayUtils;
import com.integpg.system.User;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
 
public class Main {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        // supplied encoded credentials and original nonce
        String creds = "jnior:4f163e3fdaee54babdc0a8aaad7df1c1";
        String nonce = "jhfjh23k4k3489ysf989(*(98a98a9835h2k3";
        
        // parse credentials
        StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(creds, ":");
        String username = tokenizer.nextToken();
        String digest = tokenizer.nextToken();
        
        // obtain binary digest
        byte[] hash = new byte[16];
        for (int n = 0; n < 16; n++)
            hash[n] = (byte)Integer.parseInt(digest.substring(2*n, 2*(n+1)), 16);
        
        // obtain digest using digestMD5()
        int userid = User.getUserID(username);
        byte[] hash2 = User.digestMD5(userid, username + ":" + nonce + ":", "");
 
        // compare hashes
        if (ArrayUtils.arrayComp(hash, 0, hash2, 0, hash.length))
            System.out.println("Login successful!");
        
    }
}

bruce_dev /> jtest
Login successful!

bruce_dev />

I am sure there are other ways to parse the credentials and to convert the hexadecimal string to a byte[]. JANOS does not implement the String.split() method. You can use Regex.

As an alternative to processing the hexadecimal string you could convert hash2 into the hex string and compare. I am not sure which is faster.

Here’s the split done using Regex.

    // parse credentials
        String[] parts = Pattern.compile(":").split(creds);
        String username = parts[0];
        String digest = parts[1];

I had thought that I had implemented the String.split() method but no. I am probably thinking of the split() function in the PHP scripting.

And here’s another way to convert the hexadecimal digest string into the byte array.

        // obtain binary digest
        byte[] hash = new byte[16];
        for (int n = 0; n < 32; n++)
            hash[n/2] = (byte)(16 * hash[n/2] + Character.digit(digest.charAt(n), 16));

By Bruce Cloutier | On November 29, 2017 2:51 pm | No Comments |

Serial Input Buffer Size

Make sure that the Serial Input Buffer Size is adequate for your application. It is 128 bytes by default. If a greater number of bytes that the buffer size are sent and your application does not read them in time then the buffer can fill and data will be lost.

        // display the current buffer size
        System.out.println("auxSerialPort.getInputBufferSize(): " + auxSerialPort.getInputBufferSize());
 
        // set the new buffer size
        auxSerialPort.setInputBufferSize(256);
        // display the new buffer size
        System.out.println("auxSerialPort.getInputBufferSize(): " + auxSerialPort.getInputBufferSize());

The output should look as follows.

auxSerialPort.getInputBufferSize(): 128
auxSerialPort.getInputBufferSize(): 256

By Kevin Cloutier | On November 7, 2017 10:14 am | No Comments |

Network Active

Your application will start executing before the network is ready. Add this simple check before you perform any critical network tasks.

            if (!Network.isActive()) {
                System.out.println("Waiting for network");
                while (!Network.isActive()) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
                        ex.printStackTrace(System.err);
                    }
                }
            }
            System.out.println("Network Ready");

By Kevin Cloutier | On November 2, 2017 10:13 am | No Comments |

Software

Software

Sending Commands from a JNIOR to a Device by Activating an Input with Cinema

Using Serial Control Plus

Controlling I/O

Monitoring I/O

Commanding Analog Presets Using a Macro

Graphing Temperatures with Tasker

Set Up

Encryption / Decryption

NOTICE

Checking for a Trusted Secure Connection

Outgoing HTTP Request

Outgoing Secure Socket Connection

Timeouts

The JSON Bandwagon

Easy Default Configuration

Implementing Authentication

Serial Input Buffer Size

Network Active

INTEG Process Group, Inc © 2020

Contact Us

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Sending Commands from a JNIOR to a Device by Activating an Input with Cinema	Anthony Pavia	October 6, 2020
Using Serial Control Plus	Anthony Pavia	August 4, 2020
Commanding Analog Presets Using a Macro	Anthony Pavia	December 27, 2019
Graphing Temperatures with Tasker	Anthony Pavia	December 23, 2019
Encryption / Decryption	Bruce Cloutier	December 13, 2017	security
Checking for a Trusted Secure Connection	Bruce Cloutier	December 8, 2017	java, programming, security
Outgoing HTTP Request	Bruce Cloutier	December 8, 2017
Outgoing Secure Socket Connection	Bruce Cloutier	December 8, 2017	java, secure, sockets
Timeouts	Bruce Cloutier	December 6, 2017
The JSON Bandwagon	Bruce Cloutier	December 5, 2017	java, json
Easy Default Configuration	Bruce Cloutier	December 4, 2017
Implementing Authentication	Bruce Cloutier	November 29, 2017	java, security
Serial Input Buffer Size	Kevin Cloutier	November 7, 2017
Network Active	Kevin Cloutier	November 2, 2017